Progress in Rare-earth Metal Complexes with Different Ligands in Olefin Polymerization

doi:10.6023/A23010004

Abstract

Catalysts play a pivotal role in promoting the development of polyolefin industry, especially, the design and synthesis of metal-catalysts is the key to the metal-organic chemistry. Surprisingly, rare-earth metal harness the unique orbital structure, reactivity and coordination criteria, so rare-earth metal complexes have been one of the efficient catalysts and show the special advantages in the preparation of polyolefin materials by introducing steric hindrance around the metal center, notably, their structure, chemical activity and stability are determined by ligands. The development of rare-earth metal catalysts with cyclopentadienyl ligands (alkyl-substituted, aryl-substituted, indenyl and fluorenyl ligands) and non-cyclopentadienyl ligands (macrocyclic tetradentate, tridentate, didentate, mondentate ligands), and their applications in the preparation of polyolefins are described in this review. This work aims to promote the research of rare-earth metal catalysts in the field of polyolefin synthesis and metal-organic catalysis, as well provide new design ideas and research methods for the synthesis of high-quality and functionalized polyolefin catalysts.

Key words: rare-earth organometallic complex, polyolefin, cyclopentadienyl ligand, non-cyclopentadienyl ligand

Cite this article

Yang Wang, Jingling Yan. Progress in Rare-earth Metal Complexes with Different Ligands in Olefin Polymerization[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2023, 81(3): 275-288.

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Fig. & Tab. 24

Figure 1. The structures of the complexes (C5Me5)2Sm(THF)n and (C5Me5)3Sm

Figure 2. (a) The route of alkane elimination reaction for the synthesis of mono-metallocene bis-alkyl yttrium complexes. (b) The structures of mono-metallocene bis-alkyl scandium complexes. (c) The structures of mono-metallocene corresponding hydrides of yttrium and lutetium

Figure 3. The structures of constrained geometry configuration rare- earth complexes

Figure 4. The structures of heterocyclic cyclopentadienyl rare-earth complexes

Figure 5. (a) Catalytic copolymerization of ethylene＋amino-olefin with dinuclear bridged scandium cationic complex system. (b) Catalytic polymerization of silicon-bridged dicyclopentadienyl divalent samarium complex to obtain triblock copolymer. (c) The scandium metal complexes with monochloro-monoalkyl groups of binuclear and half-sandwich type were prepared

Figure 6. The structures of rare-earth complexes with pentaphenyl- cyclopentadienyl ligand

Figure 7. (a) The structures of rare-earth complexes with tetraphenylcyclopentadienyl ligand. (b) The structures of rare-earth complexes with alkyl substituted pentaphenylcyclopentadienyl ligand

Figure 8. (a) Syntheses of the aryl-substituted cyclopentadiene dibenzyl scandium complexes. (b) Synthesis of the double-sandwich bimetallic lanthanum hydride complex

Figure 9. The structures of bisindene silylamide ligated rare-earth metal complexes

Figure 10. (a) The structures of carbon-bridged indenyl ligated rare- earth metal complexes. (b) The structures of constrained geometry configuration indenyl ligated rare-earth complexes

Figure 11. (a) Different interception methods of indenyl ligated dialkyl rare-earth metal complexes. (b) The structures of the indenyl rare-earth metals dialkyl complexes with different Lewis base ligands

Figure 12. (a) Carbon-bridged fluorene-based ligated rare-earth metal complexes. (b) Si-bridged fluorene-based rare-earth metal complexes

Figure 13. Constrained geometry configuration fluorenyl ligated rare- earth complexes

Figure 14. Alkyl-substituted fluorenyl dialkyl scandium complexes generate cations

Figure 15. The structures of mono- and binuclear half-sandwich scandium bisalkyl complexes

Figure 16. (a) Preparation of dialkyl rare-earth metal complexes and rare-earth hydrides coordinated by tetradentate ligands. (b) The structures of CGC-like tetradentate ligand coordinated dialkyl rare-earth metal complexes. (c) The structures of bisphenol rare-earth metal complexes bridged by different groups

Figure 17. (a) The structures of rare-earth metal complexes based with TpR,R' ligand. (b) The structures of rare-earth metal complexes based by NNN-type ligands

Figure 18. The structures of rare-earth metal complexes based by ONO, CCC-type tridentate ligands. (b) The structures of rare-earth metal complexes with neutral tridentate ligands

Figure 19. The structures of rare-earth metal complexes containing amidino ligands

Figure 20. The structures of rare-earth metal complexes containing NPN and NSN-type bidentate ligands

Figure 21. The structures of rare-earth metal complexes containing pyridylamino and quinolinamino bidentate ligands

Figure 22. The structures of rare-earth metal complexes containing β-diketiminato bidentate ligands

Figure 23. (a) The structures of rare-earth metal complexes containing 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol ligand

Figure 24. (a) The structures of dialkyl rare-earth metal complexes containing imidazoline-2-imino ligand. (b) The structures of bimetallic arylamide- ligated rare-earth metal complexes and arylamide-ligated sandium complex

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