Acta Chimica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 83 ›› Issue (4): 428-438.DOI: 10.6023/A24120375 Previous Articles    

Review

外泌体分离技术研究进展

李帅a,b, 刘亚婷c, 仰大勇a,*()   

  1. a 天津大学 化工学院 合成生物学前沿科学中心 系统生物工程教育部重点实验室 天津 300350
    b 天津大学浙江研究院 宁波 315200
    c 苏州亿弗生物科技有限公司 苏州 215000
  • 投稿日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2025-02-14
  • 作者简介:

    李帅, 博士, 分别于2018年和2023年获得天津大学化工学院学士和博士学位, 目前在天津大学浙江研究院进行博士后研究, 主要从事外泌体分离方法和癌症早期诊断研究.

    刘亚婷, 于2021年取得安徽工程大学学士学位, 2024年取得沈阳医科大学硕士学位, 现为苏州亿弗生物科技有限公司研发工程师, 研究方向为外泌体分离技术和产品的研发.

    仰大勇, 博士, 复旦大学“瑞清”特聘讲席教授, 天津大学兼职教授. 国家杰出青年科学基金、国家优秀青年科学基金获得者, 入选海外高层次人才计划. 研究方向为核酸化学与功能材料, 在Chem. Rev.、Acc. Chem. Res.、PNAS、J. Am. Chem. Soc.、Angew. Chem.、Nat. Commun.、Sci. Adv.、Nat. Protoc.和Adv. Mater.等杂志发表学术论文150余篇.

  • 基金资助:
    中国博士后科学基金(2023M742595)

Recent Progress on Exosome Separation

Shuai Lia,b, Yating Liuc, Dayong Yanga()   

  1. a Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
    b Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo 315200, China
    c Suzhou EVs Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215000, China
  • Received:2024-12-20 Published:2025-02-14
  • Contact: E-mail: dayongyang@fudan.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M742595)

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles derived from parent cells, carrying nucleic acids, proteins, and other biomolecules. Due to their ability to reflect the physiological and pathological states of parent cells in real time, exosomes have significant potential in biomedical applications, including drug delivery, disease diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions. A key step in their application is the efficient separation and purification of exosomes from biological fluids (such as blood, saliva) or cell culture supernatants, ensuring the removal of impurities. Numerous separation techniques, including ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size exclusion chromatography, polymer precipitation, and immunoaffinity capture, have been developed based on the size, density, charge, and composition of exosomes. Although ultracentrifugation is widely regarded as the gold standard for exosome isolation, each method has its advantages and limitations in terms of purity, efficiency, processing capacity, complexity, and convenience. Recently, the combination of different separation methods has emerged as a promising strategy. Moreover, advances in interdisciplinary fields, such as chemistry, materials science, biology, medicine, engineering, and mechanics, have led to the development of innovative separation technologies, including microfluidics, fluid flow-based methods, thermophoresis, lipid-based recognition, and DNA aptamer-based affinity. These novel techniques have substantially improved the efficiency and purity of exosome isolation. In this review, we first offer a comprehensive overview of both traditional and emerging separation methods, the advantages and disadvantages of each method were discussed and summarized. We also illustrate the latest progress and representative work in the exosome separation field. Finally, we put forward our own insights on the future development, including balancing between purity and yield, isolation of specific subpopulations of exosomes, standardization and automation separation and exploration of new separation technologies. We believe that significant breakthroughs in exosome separation will be achieved in the near future, and will contribute to the development of the biomedical applications. We hope this review will be helpful in promoting the development of exosome separation field.

Key words: exosome, exosome separation, extracellular vesicles, microfluidics, DNA aptamer