Research Progress of Photopolymers for the Preparation of Holographic Optical Waveguide

doi:10.6023/A22110461

Acta Chimica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 81 ›› Issue (4): 393-405.DOI: 10.6023/A22110461 Previous Articles Next Articles

Review

用于制备全息光波导的光致聚合物的研究进展

郭斌^a^,^c, 王铭轩^b^,^d, 张荻琴^a, 孙敏远^b, 毕勇^b, 赵榆霞^a^,^*()

a 中国科学院理化技术研究所光化学转换与功能材料重点实验室北京 100190
b 中国科学院理化技术研究所应用激光研究中心北京 100190
c 中国科学院大学化学科学学院北京 100049
d 中国科学院大学未来技术学院北京 100049

投稿日期:2022-11-14 发布日期:2023-03-09

作者简介:

郭斌, 中国科学院理化技术研究所有机化学专业在读博士生, 主要从事光聚合材料的研究.

赵榆霞, 中国科学院理化技术研究所研究员, 博士生导师. 2001年在中科院理化技术研究所获博士学位, 入选北京市科技新星和江苏省双创人才, 获得军队科技进步二等奖. 主要研究方向为光聚合材料与光聚合技术、光疗药物和水溶性功能聚合物.

基金资助:
国防科技创新特区项目(19-163-21-TS-001-073-01)

Research Progress of Photopolymers for the Preparation of Holographic Optical Waveguide

Bin Guo^a^,^c, Mingxuan Wang^b^,^d, Diqin Zhang^a, Minyuan Sun^b, Yong Bi^b, Yuxia Zhao^a^,^*()

a Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
b Research Center for Applied Laser, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
c School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
d School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2022-11-14 Published:2023-03-09
Contact: * E-mail: yuxia.zhao@mail.ipc.ac.cn; Tel.: 010-82543569; 010-62554670
Supported by:
National Defence Science and Technology Innovation Special Zone Project(19-163-21-TS-001-073-01)

Holographic optical waveguide is the most practical waveguide coupling technology for head-mounted augmented reality displays (HMD-AR) due to its advantages of small size, lightweight, clear imaging, flexible design, and a large eye-movement range for users. To enhance the imaging capability of the HMD-AR system and expand its field of view, the volume holographic gratings (VHG) used as the coupling-in and coupling-out elements must have a high refractive index modulation (Δn). Photopolymer is one of the most promising recording media for manufacturing high-performance transparent VHG. The working principle of holographic optical waveguide in HMD-AR and the preparation principle of photopolymer VHG are introduced, the recent research progress of photopolymers in this field is reviewed, the influence of different components in photopolymer formulations and the post-treatment methods of the recording media on their holographic optical properties are summarized, mainly including: (1) the composition of the photoinitiator systems; (2) the crosslink density, molecular weight and refractive index of the film-forming resins; (3) the refractive index, addition and size of the writing monomers; (4) the additive of nanoparticles, chain transfer agents, free radical scavengers and plasticisers; (5) post-treatment methods such as heating and/or light. It is expected to provide guidance for designing new components, developing recording media with higher Δn, and fabricating HMD-AR with better performance.

Key words: photopolymer, head-mounted augmented reality display, holographic optical waveguide, volume holographic grating, refractive index modulation

Cite this article

Bin Guo, Mingxuan Wang, Diqin Zhang, Minyuan Sun, Yong Bi, Yuxia Zhao. Research Progress of Photopolymers for the Preparation of Holographic Optical Waveguide[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2023, 81(4): 393-405.

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Fig. & Tab. 16

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the optical circuit of holographic optical waveguides in the HMD-AR

Figure 2. Experimental devices to prepare reflective VHG (a) and transmissive VHG (c) (S: electronic shutter, BE: beam expander, HWP: half-wave plate, PBS: beam splitter, VA: variable aperture, M: reflector, D: power meter); transmission performance of reflective VHG (b) and transmissive VHG (d) to ambient light

Figure 3. Schematic diagram for the formation of photopolymeric VHG. (a) before exposure; (b) interference exposure; (c) monomer polymerization/components migration; (d) gratings formation

Figure 4. Structural formula of TPO and Irgacure 784

Figure 5. Simultaneous photoinitiated and photoinhibited radical production by the KCD/NPG photoinitiator system under visible light irradiation[28-29]

Figure 6. General chemical formulae for bis(p-dialkyl-aminophenyl)-α,β-unsaturated ketone/cyclic ketone photosensitive dyes and hexaaryl bisimidazole initiators in DuPont's patent[35]

Figure 7. Structural formulae of HABI and photosensitisable HABI dyes[36????-41]

Figure 8. Dyes and photoinitiators disclosed in the Kostron patent. Chemical formulae for neutral dyes (a), alkylarylboronic acid amines and preferred examples (b)[42]

Figure 9. Structural formulae of the components in the photosensitive systems developed by Tomita et al.[43] and R?lle et al.[44]

Figure 11. The effect of different molecular weight polyurethanes on the holographic performance of the recording medium. Δn and haze of holographic gratings recorded with different molecular weight polyurethane film-forming resins at a grating pitch of 1 μm (a) and 0.4 μm (b)[66]. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [66], Copyright 2022, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

Figure 12. Structural formulae of FTGEs[53]

Figure 13. Structural formulae of high refractive index monomers that can be used in photopolymer systems[67???-71]

Figure 14. Structural formula of the liquid high refractive index monomer developed by Bowman et al.[13,15,63,72-73]

Figure 15. Structural formula of HBP nanoparticle[14,43,87]

Figure 16. (a) Diffraction efficiency of recorded reflection gratings for each of the photopolymer formulations[91]. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [91], Copyright 2016, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. (b) Diffusion coefficient of NVP at the initial stage of exposure for recording medium containing different concentrations of glycerol[96]. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [96], Copyright 2021, Polymers

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用于制备全息光波导的光致聚合物的研究进展

Research Progress of Photopolymers for the Preparation of Holographic Optical Waveguide

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