Electrochromic Electrode Based on Polyaniline and Silver Nanowires Based Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance

doi:10.6023/A24020062

Abstract

Electrochromism refers to the reversible color change phenomenon under an applied voltage, which demonstrates wide application potential in information displays and optical modulation devices. Conductive polymers, an important type of electrochromic materials, have gained wide attention for their simple preparation process, cost-effectiveness, fast response speed, and good cycling stability. Electrochromic devices utilizing local surface plasmon resonance based on metallic deposition have also attracted great interest. By controlling the reduction of metal cations, the deposition of metal particles or films can be achieved for controlling the device's color or reflection state. Herein, electrochromic nanocomposites combining silver nanowires and polyaniline were synthesized using a self-assembly method to create composite thin film electrodes exhibiting both the electrochromic and local surface plasmon resonance effects. The obtained electrode can satisfy the inherent electrochromic effect of polyaniline itself, which means the reversible variation from light green to deep purple. Meanwhile, under further negative potential, the lower transmittance of nearly 0% of the black state can be achieved. This is because silver nanowires are oxidized into silver ions at a positive potential, and then reduced to elemental silver under the negative potential, absorbing a large amount of light. In addition, different from traditional electrochromic devices based on the single silver ion, the as-prepared electrodes demonstrate reversible modulation due to the adsorption of silver ions by amine groups on aniline, which can effectively reduce the diffusion of silver ions into the electrolyte and thus improving the stability of this combined electrochromic effect. The electrode displays a dark-colored state with the transmittance of 25.4% at a positive potential. Upon application of a reverse potential, the electrode transitions to a faded state (83.3%), and then returning to a dark-colored state (10.7%) at a higher reverse potential. This electrochromic device with dual-colored state, which can not be achieved by conventional strategy, opens up new possibilities in the fields of information display and optical modulation.

Key words: electrochromic, conductive polymer, local surface plasmon resonance, silver nanowires

Cite this article

Hongchao Peng, Sheng Chen, Bin Yan. Electrochromic Electrode Based on Polyaniline and Silver Nanowires Based Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2024, 82(7): 797-804.

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Fig. & Tab. 5

Figure 1. (a) Schematic diagram of the preparation process of polyaniline/silver nanowires composites; (b) SEM image of silver nanowires; (c) SEM image of pure polyaniline; (d) SEM image of polyaniline/silver nanowires composites

Figure 2. (a) CV curves of polyaniline/silver nanowire composites with different mass ratios; (b) AC impedance curves of polyaniline/silver nanowire composites with different mass ratios (insert figure shows their equivalent circuits); (c) Weber's coefficient of multi-color electrodes; (d) the ion diffusion coefficient of multi-color electrodes; (e) cyclic voltammetry curve of 10P/1A multi-color electrode at different scanning rates; (f) square root curve of peak current of 10P/1A multi-color electrode versus scanning rate

Figure 3. (a) Absorbance curves of 10P/1A multi-color electrode; (b) transmittance curves of 10P/1A multi-color electrode at different voltages; (c) integral average transmittance of 10P/1A multi-color electrode at different voltages; (d) transmittance-response curves of 10P/1A multi-color electrode under cyclic voltammetry testing conditions at the wavelength of 510 nm; (e) cycle stability of 10P/1A multi-color electrode at the wavelength of 510 nm

Figure 4. (a) SEM image of 10P/1A multi-color electrode at ＋1.0 V voltage; (b) SEM image of 10P/1A multi-color electrode at -0.6 V voltage; (c) schematic diagram of the mechanism of the redox process of the 10P/1A multi-color electrode

Figure 5. (a) Digital photos and patterned display of 10P/1A multi-color electrode at different voltages; (b) curve showing the "L a b" values of the 10P/1A multi-color electrode as a function of voltage; (c) spatial variation trend curve of "L a b" values of the 10P/1A multi-color electrode concerning voltage; (d) color difference changes of 10P/1A multi-color electrode at different voltages with the initial state as the standard

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