Highly Efficient Semi-transparent Organic Solar Cells based on a New Near-infrared Acceptor

doi:10.6023/A25070248

Acta Chimica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 83 ›› Issue (10): 1157-1165.DOI: 10.6023/A25070248 Previous Articles Next Articles

Article

基于新型近红外受体的高效半透明有机太阳能电池

李园圆^a^,^†, 杨云帆^a^,^†, 魏擎亚^b, 徐翔^c, 袁俊^a, 王瑞松^d, 邹应萍^a^,^*()

^a 中南大学化学化工学院长沙 410083
^b 杭州电子科技大学电子信息学院浙江杭州 310018
^c 宁德时代21C创新实验室宁德 352102
^d 湖南兴湘投资控股集团有限公司长沙 410029

投稿日期:2025-07-05 发布日期:2025-08-28
通讯作者: 邹应萍
作者简介:
† 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52125306); 国家自然科学基金(U24A2081); 国家自然科学基金(22379167)

Highly Efficient Semi-transparent Organic Solar Cells based on a New Near-infrared Acceptor

Yuanyuan Li^a, Yunfan Yang^a, Qingya Wei^b, Xiang Xu^c, Jun Yuan^a, Ruisong Wang^d, Yingping Zou^a^,^*()

^a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083
^b School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018
^c 21C LAB, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, Ningde 352102, China
^d Hunan Xingxiang Investment Holding Group Co., Ltd, Changsha 410029

Received:2025-07-05 Published:2025-08-28
Contact: Yingping Zou
About author:
† contributed equally to this work
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52125306); National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A2081); National Natural Science Foundation of China(22379167)

1. .pdf(1462KB)

Abstract

In this work, we designed and synthesized a new near-infrared (NIR) acceptor material W-4Cl featuring a narrow bandgap of 1.25 eV. W-4Cl exhibits a maximum absorption peak (λ_max) at 892 nm and an absorption edge (λ_onset) at 990 nm, outperforming classical NIR acceptors (e.g., Y6: λ_max 836 nm). Blending with the donor PTB7-Th, conventional organic solar cells (OSCs) and semi-transparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) were fabricated. By employing 1-chloronaphthalene (CN) as an additive and optimizing its content to 4% (φ), the OSCs based on PTB7-Th:W-4Cl obtained a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.10%, with a high J_SC of 26.59 mA• cm⁻², V_OC of 0.764 V, and FF of 68.44%, which is one of the highest reported values for PTB7-Th-based OSCs. In order to improve the light utilization efficiency (LUE) of ST-OSCs, the donor dilution strategy was adopted using a PTB7-Th:W-4Cl mass ratio of 1∶2, reducing the content of the strongly visible-absorbing PTB7-Th donor to balance PCE and average visible transmittance (AVT). Subsequently, the thickness of top electrode consisting of ultra-thin Ag layer and Cu seed layer was finely tuned to 3 nm Cu/8 nm Ag for optimal conductivity-transparency compromise. Besides, the MoO₃ cover layer was employed with optimized film thickness of 35 nm. Consequently, the optimized ST-OSCs achieved a high color rendering index (CRI) of 86.53, an AVT of 44.45%, and an LUE of 3.81%. Charge dynamics analysis confirmed enhanced exciton dissociation (95.4%) and balanced carrier mobility (μ_h/μ_e=1.079) in optimized devices. This performance meets the requirements for applications such as building windows and automotive sunroofs, positioning the work among top-reported ST-OSCs in LUE-AVT-CRI synergy.

Key words: organic solar cells, semi-transparent, near-infrared small molecule acceptors, optical control

Cite this article

Yuanyuan Li, Yunfan Yang, Qingya Wei, Xiang Xu, Jun Yuan, Ruisong Wang, Yingping Zou. Highly Efficient Semi-transparent Organic Solar Cells based on a New Near-infrared Acceptor[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2025, 83(10): 1157-1165.

Export EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

share this article

Fig. & Tab. 16

References 36

[1]	Wang J.; Xue P.; Jiang Y.; Huo Y.; Zhan X. Nat. Rev. Chem. 2022, 6, 614.
[2]	Lin Y.; Wang J.; Zhang Z.-G.; Bai H.; Li Y.; Zhu D.; Zhan X. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 1170.
[3]	Feng L.; Yuan J.; Zhang Z.; Peng H.; Zhang Z.; Xu S.; Liu Y.; Li Y.; Zou Y. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 31985.
[4]	Yuan J.; Zhang Y.; Zhou L.; Zhang G.; Yip H.-L.; Lau T.-K.; Lu X.; Zhu C.; Peng H.; Johnson P. A.; Leclerc M.; Cao Y.; Ulanski J.; Li Y.; Zou Y. Joule 2019, 3, 1140. doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.01.004
[5]	Jiang X.; Qin S.; Meng L.; He G.; Zhang J.; Wang Y.; Zhu Y.; Zou T.; Gong Y.; Chen Z.; Sun G.; Liu M.; Li X.; Lang F.; Li Y. Nature 2024, 635, 860.
[6]	Zhou Z.; Yuan Z.; Yin Z.; Xue Q.; Li N.; Huang F. Green Energy Environ. 2024, 9, 992.
[7]	Li Y. K.; Guan S. T.; Li S. X.; Zuo L. J.; Chen H. Z. Acta Polym. Sin. 2024, 55, 1134 (in Chinese).
	(李耀凯, 关诗陶, 李水兴, 左立见, 陈红征, 高分子学报, 2024, 55, 1134.)
[8]	Zhang Y.-F.; Chen W.-S.; Chen J.-D.; Ren H.; Hou H.-Y.; Tian S.; Ge H.-R.; Ling H.-H.; Zhang J.-L.; Mao H.; Tang J.-X.; Li Y.-Q. Adv. Energy Mater. 2024, 14, 2400970.
[9]	Guan S.; Li Y.; Yan K.; Fu W.; Zuo L.; Chen H. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2205844.
[10]	Ding J.; Mou H.; Chen H.; Xu J.; Sun W.; Zhu J.; Wang Y.; Huang Y.; Li Y.; Li Y. Adv. Mater. 2025, 37, 2420439.
[11]	Xu X.; Wei Q.; Zhou Z.; He H.; Tian J.; Yip H.-L.; Fu Y.; Lu X.; Zhou Y.; Li Y.; Zou Y. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2024, 34, 2305017.
[12]	Li Y.; Huang X.; Sheriff Jr H. K.; Forrest S. R. Nat. Rev. Mater. 2022, 8, 186.
[13]	Cui Y.; Yang C.; Yao H.; Zhu J.; Wang Y.; Jia G.; Gao F.; Hou J. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1703080.
[14]	Huang X.; Oh J.; Cheng Y.; Huang B.; Ding S.; He Q.; Wu F.; Yang C.; Chen L.; Chen Y. J. Mater. Chem. A 2021, 9, 5711.
[15]	Bates M.; Malhado C.; Yang C.; Herrera C. K.; Lunt R. R. Sol. RRL 2023, 7, 2200962.
[16]	Jia B.; Dai S.; Ke Z.; Yan C.; Ma W.; Zhan X. Chem. Mater. 2018, 30, 239.
[17]	Xie J.; Lin W.; Zheng K.; Liang Z. Adv. Sci. 2024, 11, 2404135.
[18]	Jing J.; Dong S.; Zhang K.; Zhou Z.; Xue Q.; Song Y.; Du Z.; Ren M.; Huang F. Adv. Energy Mater. 2022, 12, 2200453.
[19]	Wei Q.; Li Y.; Chen W.; Shi Q.; Zhu S.; Yan W.; Zou Y. J. Mater. Chem. A 2024, 12, 30558.
[20]	An N.; Cai Y.; Wu H.; Tang A.; Zhang K.; Hao X.; Ma Z.; Guo Q.; Ryu H. S.; Woo H. Y. Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2002122.
[21]	Liu H.; Yuan D.; Jiang H.; Li S.; Zhang L.; Chen J. Energy Environ. Sci. 2023, 16, 3474.
[22]	Shao Y.; Gao Y.; Sun R.; Zhang M.; Min J. Adv. Mater. 2022, 35, e2208750.
[23]	Wu J.; Ling Z.; Franco L. R.; Jeong S. Y.; Genene Z.; Gómez J. M.; Chen S.; Chen C.; Araujo C. M.; Marchiori C. F. N.; Kimpel J.; Chang X.; Isikgor F. H.; Chen Q.; Faber H.; Han Y.; Laquai F.; Zhang M.; Woo H. Y.; Yu D.; Anthopoulos T. D.; Wang E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2023, 62, e202302888.
[24]	Liu Q.; Mantilla-Perez P.; Montes Bajo M.; Romero-Gomez P.; Martorell J. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8, 28750.
[25]	Byrka A.; Boivin L.; d’Astous É. V.; Singhal R.; Karsenti P.-L.; Dauphin-Ducharme P.; Witulski B.; Sharma G. D.; Harvey P. D. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2025, 17, 3478.
[26]	Guo C.; Sun Y.; Wang L.; Liu C.; Chen C.; Cheng J.; Xia W.; Gan Z.; Zhou J.; Chen Z.; Zhou J.; Liu D.; Guo J.; Li W.; Wang T. Energy Environ. Sci. 2024, 17, 2492.
[27]	Jia Z.; Ma Q.; Chen Z.; Meng L.; Jain N.; Angunawela I.; Qin S.; Kong X.; Li X.; Yang Y.; Zhu H.; Ade H.; Gao F.; Li Y. Nat. Commun. 2023, 14, 1236.
[28]	He G.; Mayberry B.; Pranav M.; Shadabroo M. S.; Sun B.; Cao Y.; Shoaee S.; Stolterfoht M.; Neher D.; Lang F. ACS Energy Lett. 2023, 8, 3980.
[29]	Liu W.; Sun S.; Xu S.; Zhang H.; Zheng Y.; Wei Z.; Zhu X. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2200337.
[30]	Liao J.; Zheng P.; Cai Z.; Shen S.; Xu G.; Zhao H.; Xu Y. Org. Electron. 2021, 89, 106026.
[31]	Zuo K.; Dai T.; Guo Q.; Wang Z.; Zhong Y.; Mengzhen D.; Wang H.; Tang A.; Zhou E. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 14, 18764.
[32]	Gao H.-H.; Sun Y.; Wan X.; Ke X.; Feng H.; Kan B.; Wang Y.; Zhang Y.; Li C.; Chen Y. Adv. Sci. 2018, 5, 1800307.
[33]	Hoefler S. F.; Rath T.; Pastukhova N.; Pavlica E.; Scheunemann D.; Wilken S.; Kunert B.; Resel R.; Hobisch M.; Xiao S.; Bratina G.; Trimmel G. J. Mater. Chem. A 2018, 6, 9506.
[34]	Liu Q.; Toudert J.; Li T.; Kramarenko M.; Martínez-Denegri G.; Ciammaruchi L.; Zhan X.; Martorell J. Adv. Energy Mater. 2019, 9, 1900463.
[35]	Yu K.; Song W.; Ge J.; Zheng K.; Xie L.; Chen Z.; Qiu Y.; Hong L.; Liu C.; Ge Z. Sci. China Chem. 2022, 65, 1615.
[36]	Gao N.; Bin H.; Wu S.; Janssen R. A. J.; Li Y. Sci. China Chem. 2024, 67, 2248.

Donor/Acceptor	λ_max/nm	λ_onset/nm	E^opt/eV
PTB7-Th	698	770	1.61
W-4Cl	892	990	1.25

Donor/Acceptor	λ_max/nm	λ_onset/nm	E^opt/eV
PTB7-Th	698	770	1.61
W-4Cl	892	990	1.25

φ(CN)/%	V_OC/V	J_SC/(mA•cm⁻²)	FF/%	J_cal/(mA•cm⁻²)	PCE/%
0	0.780	25.31	57.65	24.11	11.23
1	0.769	25.33	64.11	24.29	12.50
2	0.768	25.93	66.81	25.01	13.32
3	0.764	25.87	69.33	24.90	13.73
4	0.764	26.59	68.44	25.39	14.10
5	0.762	24.50	70.33	23.68	13.15

φ(CN)/%	V_OC/V	J_SC/(mA•cm⁻²)	FF/%	J_cal/(mA•cm⁻²)	PCE/%
0	0.780	25.31	57.65	24.11	11.23
1	0.769	25.33	64.11	24.29	12.50
2	0.768	25.93	66.81	25.01	13.32
3	0.764	25.87	69.33	24.90	13.73
4	0.764	26.59	68.44	25.39	14.10
5	0.762	24.50	70.33	23.68	13.15

Blend film	V_OC/V	J_SC/(mA•cm⁻²)	FF/%	PCE/%	Ref.
PTB7-Th:PC₇₁BM	0.79	16.92	71.5	9.54	[24]
PTB7-Th:MDCzM-4H	1.03	15.87	62.2	10.17	[25]
PTB7-Th:MDCzM-4F	0.965	20.92	69.8	14.09	[25]
PTB7-Th:L8-BO	0.72	23.4	62.4	10.5	[26]
PTB7-Th:BTPSV-4F	0.66	28.4	69.5	13.0	[27]
PTB7-Th:BTPSeV-4F	0.66	30.1	71.4	14.2	[27]
PTB7-Th: BZO-4Cl	0.706	28.33	70.62	14.12	[11]
PTB7-Th:COTIC-4F	0.551	24.95	61	8.41	[28]
PTB7-Th:ATT-9	0.663	30.0	67.2	13.35	[29]
PTB7-Th:DTC-T-F	0.78	17.46	65	8.8	[30]
PTB7-Th:F-BTA5	1.03	15.29	65.78	10.36	[31]
PTB7-Th:3TT-FIC	0.66	25.89	71.20	12.21	[32]
PTB7-Th:O-IDTBR	1.00	15.2	63.0	9.57	[33]
PTB7-Th: FOIC	0.734	22.94	65.33	11.01	[34]

基于新型近红外受体的高效半透明有机太阳能电池

Highly Efficient Semi-transparent Organic Solar Cells based on a New Near-infrared Acceptor

RichHTML

PDF

Supporting Info.

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Fig. & Tab. 16

References 36

Related Articles 3

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

Blend film	P_diss	P_coll	α	nkT/q	μ_h/(cm²•V⁻¹•s⁻¹)	μ_e/(cm²•V⁻¹•s⁻¹)	μ_e/μ_h
0% CN	93.9%	73.8%	0.995	1.20	6.6×10⁻⁵	5.3×10⁻⁵	0.803
4% CN	95.4%	81.4%	0.999	1.19	7.6×10⁻⁵	8.2×10⁻⁵	1.079

D/A Ratio	V_OC/V	J_SC/(mA•cm⁻²)	FF/%	PCE/%	CRI	AVT/%	LUE/%
1∶1.2	0.757	19.92	57.4	8.67	69.84	30.44	2.63
1∶2	0.756	18.33	60.3	8.38	75.55	33.51	2.81
1∶3	0.755	16.76	57.7	7.32	76.21	33.90	2.48

Top electrode structures	V_OC/V	J_SC/(mA•cm⁻²)	FF/%	PCE/%	AVT/%	LUE/%
3 nm Cu＋6 nm Ag	0.757	17.78	58.1	7.82	38.92	3.04
3 nm Cu＋8 nm Ag	0.754	18.45	65.4	9.11	36.05	3.28
3 nm Cu＋10 nm Ag	0.747	19.29	64.5	9.31	31.73	2.95
1 nm Cu＋8 nm Ag	0.757	17.49	56.6	7.43	36.99	2.74
5 nm Cu＋8 nm Ag	0.753	20.59	66.3	10.19	27.56	2.80

[1]	Wenyuan Lin, Qingzhe Zhu, Yunlong Ma, Peng Wang, Shuo Wan, Qingdong Zheng. Rationally Tuning Blend Miscibility of Polymer Donor and Nonfullerene Acceptor for Constructing Efficient Organic Solar Cells^※ [J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2022, 80(6): 724-733.
[2]	Ma Chunyan, Fu Weifei, Huang Guowei, Chen Hongzheng, Xu Mingsheng. Two-Dimensional WS₂ Sheets as Interfacial Layer for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells [J]. Acta Chim. Sinica, 2015, 73(9): 949-953.
[3]	Cheng Pei, Shi Qinqin, Zhan Xiaowei. Ternary Blend Organic Solar Cells Based on P3HT/TT-TTPA/PC₆₁BM [J]. Acta Chim. Sinica, 2015, 73(3): 252-256.