Recent Development of LiMnPO4 as Cathode Materials of Lithium-ion Batteries
Received date: 2014-01-03
Online published: 2014-04-18
Supported by
Project supported by the Sichuan Normal University Graduate Dissertation Cultivation Fund (No. XYZ2013-14-38).
Similar to LiFePO4, LiMnPO4 possesses the following advantages: eco-friendliness, low cost and excellent safety performance. Moreover, high energy density (～700 Wh·kg-1) of LiMnPO4 is 20% larger than LiFePO4, which is due to LiMnPO4 with high operating voltage ～4.1 V vs. Li falling within the electrochemical stability window of conventional electrolyte solutions. Therefore, LiMnPO4 is considered as a next generation cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. However, the lithium ion conductivity of LiMnPO4 is lower than that of LiFePO4. The main difference between the kinetics in the initial stage of charging of two olivine materials may originate from the formation energy of vacancy-polaron complex in LiMnPO4 than in LiFePO4. In addition, the anisotropic lattice distortion of MnO6 octahedron during repeated charge/discharge process hinders lithium removal/uptake reactions in LiMnPO4 and thus leads to the large volume change. This distortion is not a strict Jahn-Teller effect but is a preferential elongation of two of the equatorial Mn—O bonds (edge-sharing with the PO4). These intrinsic defects result in rapid capacity fading upon extended cycling and poor rate capability during cycles. To overcome these problems, it is an effective approach to prepare nanometer-sized and rod/sheet-like materials through proper synthesis method. These special morphologies in LiMnPO4 can stimulate the rate of Li extraction/insertion. However, the surface structural instability of particles may occur at size d<35 nm. The awkward situation may be solved by effective surface coating. Surface coating can decrease the disorder toward amorphous state and the poison of impurities on the surface of particles; especially, coating can promote the ionic and electronic conductivity. Therefore, a coating leads to a remarkable improvement of the electrochemical performance of LiMnPO4. In addition, doping is also a method for improving the electrochemical property of LiMnPO4. As a Fe-doped material, LiMnyFe1-yPO4 has been widely investigated. In this paper, the recent advances in LiMnPO4 as cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries are reviewed. The characteristics, morphologies, and possible reaction mechanisms of the material were summarized systematically. Some open questions (e.g. the facticity of Jahn-Teller effect in LiMnPO4, the thermal stability of LiMnPO4, etc.) are discussed in detail. Moreover, some improved methods (controlling the particle morphology, surface coating, and doping) for the electrochemical property of LiMnPO4 are expounded.
Key words： LiMnPO4; Jahn-Teller effect; thermal stability; morphology; synthesis processes; surface coating; doping
Wan Yang , Zheng Qiaoji , Lin Dunmin . Recent Development of LiMnPO4 as Cathode Materials of Lithium-ion Batteries[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2014 , 72(5) : 537 -551 . DOI: 10.6023/A14010007
[1] Du, K.; Zhou, W.; Hu, G.; Peng, Z.; Jiang, Q. Acta Chim. Sinica 2010, 68, 1391. (杜柯, 周伟瑛, 胡国荣, 彭忠东, 蒋庆来, 化学学报, 2010, 68, 1391.)
[2] Manthiram, A. Electrochem. Soc. Interface 2009, 18, 44.
[3] Li, W.; Reimers, J. N.; Dahn, J. R. Phys. Rev. B 1992, 46, 3236.
[4] Sasaki, T.; Nonaka, T.; Oka, H.; Okuda, C.; Itou, Y.; Kondo, Y.; Takeuchi, Y.; Ukyo, Y.; Tatsumi, K.; Muto, S. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2009, 156, A289.
[5] Gummow, R. J.; Liles, D. C.; Thackeray, M. M. Mater. Res. Bull. 1993, 28, 1249.
[6] Park, O. K.; Cho, Y.; Lee, S.; Yoo, H.-C.; Song, H.-K.; Cho, J. Energy Environ. Sci. 2011, 4, 1621.
[7] Choi, S.; Manthiram, A. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2002, 149, A162.
[8] Matsushita, Y.; Ueda, H.; Ueda, Y. Nat. Mater. 2005, 4, 845.
[9] Dimesso, L.; Spanheimer, C.; Jaegermann, W. J. Power Sources 2013, 243, 668.
[10] Hautier, G.; Jain, A.; Ong, S. P.; Kang, B.; Moore, C.; Doe, R.; Ceder, G. Chem. Mater. 2011, 23, 3495.
[11] Meligrana, G.; Di Lupo, F.; Ferrari, S.; Destro, M.; Bodoardo, S.; Garino, N.; Gerbaldi, C. Electrochim. Acta 2013, 105, 99.
[12] Yonemura, M.; Yamada, A.; Takei, Y.; Sonoyama, N.; Kanno, R. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2004, 151, A1352.
[13] Pieczonka, N. P. W.; Liu, Z.; Huq, A.; Kim, J.-H. J. Power Sources 2012, 230, 122.
[14] Shang, S. L.; Wang, Y.; Mei, Z. G.; Hui, X. D.; Liu, Z. K. J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 1142.
[15] Yao, J.; Bewlay, S.; Konstantionv, K.; Drozd, V. A.; Liu, R. S.; Wang, X. L.; Liu, H. K.; Wang, G. X. J. Alloys Compd. 2006, 425, 362.
[16] Yamada, A.; Chung, S. C.; Hinokuma, K. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2001, 148, A2249.
[17] Padhi, A. K.; Nanjundaswamy, K. S.; Masquelier, C.; Okada, S.; Goodenough, J. B. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1997, 144, 1609.
[18] Maier, J.; Amin, R. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2008, 155, A339.
[19] Badi, S. P.; Wagemaker, M.; Ellis, B. L.; Singh, D. P.; Borghols, W. J. H.; Kan, W. H.; Ryan, D. H.; Mulder, F. M.; Nazar, L. F. J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21, 10085.
[20] Islam, M. S.; Driscoll, D. J.; Fisher, C. A. J.; Slater, P. R. Chem. Mater. 2005, 17, 5085.
[21] Chung, S. Y.; Choi, S. Y.; Yamamoto, T.; Ikuhara, Y. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 100, 125502.
[22] Bridges, C. A.; Harrison, K.; Unocic, R. R.; Idrobo, J.-C.; Paranthaman, M. P.; Manthiram, A. J. Solid State Chem. 2013, 205, 197.
[23] Fisher, C. A. J.; Hart-Prieto, V. M.; Islam, M. S. Chem. Mater. 2008, 20, 5907.
[24] Gardine, G. R.; Islam, M. S. Chem. Mater. 2009, 22, 1242.
[25] Chung, S. Y.; Bloking, J. T.; Chiang, Y. M. Nature Mater. 2002, 1, 123.
[26] Omenya, F.; Chernova, N. A.; Upreti, S.; Zavalij, P. Y.; Nam, K.-W.; Yang, X.-Q.; Whittingham, M. S. Chem. Mater. 2011, 23, 4733.
[27] Ni, J.; Gao, L. J. Power Sources 2011, 196, 6498.
[28] Zhang, Y.; Zhao, Y. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2012, 7, 5367.
[29] Shannon, R. D. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A 1976, 32, 751.
[30] Chung, S. Y.; Choi, S. Y.; Lee, S.; Ikuhara, Y. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012, 108, 195501.
[31] Fang, H.; Pan, Z.; Li, L.; Yang, Y.; Yan, G.; Li, G.; Wei, S. Electrochem. Commun. 2008, 10, 1071.
[32] Padhi, A. K.; Nanjundaswamy, K. S.; Goodenough, J. B. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1997, 144, 1188.
[33] Chen, G.; Richardson, T. J. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2009, 156, A756.
[34] Yamada, A.; Kudo, Y.; Liu, K. Y. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2001, 148, A1153.
[35] Yamada, A.; Kudo, Y.; Liu, K. Y. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2001, 148, A747.
[36] Kim, J.; Park, K. Y.; Park, I.; Yoo, J.-K.; Seo, D.-W.; Kim, S.-W.; Kang, K. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2011, 159, A55.
[37] Molenda, J.; Ojczyk, W.; ?wierczek, K.; Zaj?c, W.; Krok, F.; Dygas, J.; Liu, R.-S. Solid State Ionics 2006, 177, 2617.
[38] Dong, Y.; Wang, L.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, Y.; Zhou, J.; Xie, H.; Goodenough, J. B. J. Power Sources 2012, 215, 116.
[39] Dinh, H. C.; Mho, S.; Kang, Y.; Yeo, I.-H. J. Power Sources 2013, 244, 189.
[40] Ouyang, C. Y.; Shi, S. Q.; Lei, M. S. J. Alloys Compd. 2009, 474, 370.
[41] Wang, S.; Yang, J.; Wu, X.; Li, Y.; Gong, Z.; Wen, W.; Lin, M.; Yang, J.; Yang, Y. J. Power Sources 2014, 245, 570.
[42] Marianetti, C. A.; Morgan, D.; Ceder, G. Phys. Rev. B 2001, 63, 224304.
[43] Arroyo y de Dompablo, M. E.; Marianetti, C.; Van der Ven, A.; Ceder, G. Phys. Rev. B 2001, 63, 144107.
[44] Li, Y. X.; Gong, Z. L.; Yang, Y. J. Power Sources 2007, 174, 528.
[45] Yamada, A.; Chung, S. C. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2001, 148, A960.
[46] Delacourt, C.; Laffont, L.; Bouchet, R.; Wurm, C.; Leriche, J.-B.; Morcrette, M.; Tarascon, J.-M.; Masquelier, C. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2005, 152, A913.
[47] Chen, Y. C.; Chen, J. M.; Hsu, C. H.; Lee, J.-F.; Yeh, J.-W.; Shih, H. C. Solid State Ionics 2009, 180, 1215.
[48] Damen, L.; De Giorgio, F.; Monaco, S.; Veronesi, F.; Mastragostino, M. J. Power Sources 2012, 218, 250.
[49] Qin, L.; Xia, Y.; Qiu, B.; Cao, H.; Liu, Y.; Liu, Z. J. Power Sources 2013, 239, 144.
[50] Liu, J.; Liu, X.; Huang, T.; Yu, A. J. Power Sources 2013, 229, 203.
[51] Minakshi, M.; Kandhasamy, S. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 2012, 16, 163.
[52] Piper, L. F. J.; Quackenbush, N.; Sallis, S.; Scanlon, D. O.; Watson, G. W.; Nam, K.-W.; Yang, X.-Q.; Smith, K. E.; Omenya, F.; Chernova, N. A.; Whittingham, M. S. J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 10383.
[53] Nie, Z. X.; Ouyang, C. Y.; Chen, J. Z.; Zhong, Z. Y.; Du, Y. L.; Liu, D. S.; Shi, S. Q.; Lei, M. S. Solid State Commun. 2010, 150, 40.
[54] Asari, Y.; Suwa, Y.; Hamada, T. Phys. Rev. B 2011, 84, 134113.
[55] Wang, D.; Buqa, H.; Crouzet, M.; Deghenghi, G.; Drezen, T.; Exnar, I.; Kwon, N.-H.; Miners, J. H.; Poletto, L.; Grätzel, M. J. Power Sources 2009, 189, 624.
[56] Yamada, A.; Takei, Y.; Koizumi, H.; Sonoyama, N.; Kanno, R. Chem. Mater. 2006, 18, 804.
[57] Mishima, Y.; Hojo, T.; Nishio, T.; Sadamura, H.; Oyama, N.; Moriyoshi, C.; Kuroiwa, Y. J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 2608.
[58] Dahn, J. R.; Fuller, E. W.; Obrovac, M.; von Sacken, U. Solid State Ionics 1994, 69, 265.
[59] Balakrishnan, P. G.; Ramesh, R.; Prem Kumar, T. J. Power Sources 2006, 155, 401.
[60] Chen, G.; Richardson, T. J. J. Power Sources 2010, 195, 1221.
[61] Li, G.; Azuma, H.; Tohda, M. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 2002, 5, A135.
[62] Delacourt, C.; Poizot, P.; Tarascon, J.-M.; Masquelier, C. Nat. Mater. 2005, 4, 254.
[63] Ong, S. P.; Jain, A.; Hautier, G.; Kang, B.; Ceder, G. Electrochem. Commun. 2010, 12, 427.
[64] Kim, J.; Park, K. Y.; Park, I.;Yoo, J.-K.; Hong, J.; Kang, K. J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 11964.
[65] Choi, D.; Xiao, J.; Choi, Y. J.; Hardy, J. S.; Vijayakumar, M.; Bhuvaneswari, M. S.; Liu, J.; Xu, W.; Wang, W.; Yang, Z.; Graff, G. L.; Zhang, J.-G. Energy Environ. Sci. 2011, 4, 4560.
[66] Kim, S. W.; Kim, J.; Gwon, H.; Kang, K. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2009, 156, A635.
[67] Martha, S. K.; Markovsky, B.; Grinblat, J.; Gofer, Y.; Haik, O.; Zinigrad, E.; Aurbach, D.; Drezen, T.; Wang, D.; Deghenghi, G.; Exnar, I. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2009, 156, A541.
[68] Martha, S. K.; Haik, O.; Zinigrad, E.; Exnar, I.; Drezen, T.; Miners, J. H.; Aurbach, D. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2011, 158, A1115.
[69] Morgan, D.; Van der Ven, A.; Ceder, G. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 2004, 7, A30.
[70] Dinh, V. A.; Nara, J.; Ohno, T. Appl. Phys. Express. 2012, 5, 5801.
[71] Yu, J.; Rosso, K. M.; Liu, J. J. Mater. Chem. C 2011, 115, 25001.
[72] Johannes, M. D.; Hoang, K.; Allen, J. L.; Gaskell, K. Phys. Rev. B 2012, 85, 115106.
[73] Delacourt, C.; Poizot, P.; Levasseur, S.; Masquelier, C. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 2006, 9, A352.
[74] Zaghib, K.; Guerfi, A.; Hovington, P.; Vijh, A.; Trudeau, M.; Mauger, A.; Goodenough, J. B.; Julien, C. M. J. Power Sources 2013, 232, 357.
[75] Drezen, T.; Kwon, N. H.; Bowen, P.; Teerlinck, I.; Isono, M.; Exnar, I. J. Power Sources 2007, 174, 949.
[76] Yoshida, J.; Stark, M.; Holzbock, J.; Hüsing, N.; Nakanishi, S.; Iba, H.; Abe, H.; Naito, M. J. Power Sources 2013, 226, 122.
[77] Yang, W.-C.; Bi, Y.-J.; Yang, B.-C.; Wang, D.-Y.; Shi, S.-Q. Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin. 2014, 30, 460. (杨文超, 毕玉敬, 杨邦成, 王德宇, 施思齐, 物理化学学报, 2014, 30, 460.)
[78] Kim, T. H.; Park, H. S.; Lee, M. H.; Lee, S.-Y.; Song, H.-K. J. Power Sources 2012, 210, 1.
[79] Doi, T.; Yatomi, S.; Kida, T.; Okada, S.; Yamaki, J. Cryst. Growth Des. 2009, 9, 4990.
[80] Choi, D.; Wang, D.; Bae, I. T.; Xiao, J.; Nie, Z.; Wang, W.; Viswanathan, V. V.; Lee, Y. J.; Zhang, J.-G.; Graff, G. L.; Yang, Z.; Liu, J. Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 2799.
[81] Pan, X. L.; Xu, C. Y.; Hong, D.; Fang, H.-T.; Zhen, L. Electrochim. Acta 2013, 87, 303.
[82] Devaraju, M. K.; Honma, I. Adv. Eng. Mater. 2012, 2, 284.
[83] Ramar, V.; Saravanan, K.; Gajjela, S. R.; Hariharan, S.; Balaya, P. Electrochim. Acta 2013, 105, 496.
[84] Kang, B.; Ceder, G. Nature 2009, 458, 190.
[85] Xiao, J.; Chernova, N. A.; Upreti, S.; Chen, X.; Li, Z.; Deng, Z.; Choi, D.; Xu, W.; Nie, Z.; Graff, G. L.; Liu, J.; Wittingham, M. S.; Zhang, J.-G. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2011, 13, 18099.
[86] Kang, B.; Ceder, G. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2010, 157, A808.
[87] Liu, S.; Fang, H.; Yang, B.; Yao, Y.; Ma, W.; Dai, Y. J. Power Sources 2013, 230, 267.
[88] Aravindan, V.; Gnanaraj, J.; Lee, Y.-S.; Madhavi, S. J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 3158.
[89] Kumar, P. R.; Venkateswarlu, M.; Misra, M.; Mohanty, A. K.; Satyanarayana, N. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2011, 158, A227.
[90] Wang, H.; Yang, Y.; Liang, Y.; Cui, L.-F.; Casalongue, H. S.; Li, Y.; Hong, G.; Cui, Y.; Dai, H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 123, 7502.
[91] Li, H.; Zhou, H. Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 1201.
[92] Oh, S. M.; Oh, S. W.; Yoon, C. S.; Scrosati, B.; Amine, K.; Sun, Y.-K. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2010, 20, 3260.
[93] Li, L.; Liu, J.; Chen, L.; Xu, H.; Yang, J.; Qian, Y. RSC Adv. 2013, 3, 6847.
[94] Mizuno, Y.; Kotobuki, M.; Munakata, H.; Kanamura, K. J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. 2009, 117, 1225.
[95] Bakenov, Z.; Taniguchi, I. J. Power Sources 2010, 195, 7445.
[96] Wang, F.; Yang, J.; Gao, P.; Nuli, Y.; Wang, J. J. Power Sources 2011, 196, 10258.
[97] Zaghib, K.; Trudeau, M.; Guerfi, A.; Trottier, J.; Mauger, A.; Veillette, R.; Julien, C. M. J. Power Sources 2012, 204, 177.
[98] Oh, S. M.; Sun, Y. K. J. Power Sources 2013, 244, 663.
[99] Liu, X.-M.; Huang, Z.; Oh, S.; Zhang, B.; Ma, P.-C.; Yuen, M. M. F.; Kim, J.-K. 2012, 72, 121.
[100] Dimesso, L.; Förster, C.; Jaegermann, W.; Khanderi, J. P.; Tempel, H.; Popp, A.; Engstler, J.; Schneider, J. J.; Sarapulova, A.; Mikhailova, D.; Schmitt, L. A.; Oswald, S.; Ehrenberg, H. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2012, 41, 5068.
[101] Zhao, D.; Li, Z.; Liu, L.; Zhang, Y.; Ren, D.; Li, J. Acta Chim. Sinica 2014, 72, 185. (赵冬梅, 李振伟, 刘领第, 张艳红, 任德财, 李坚, 化学学报, 2014, 72, 185.)
[102] Kucinskis, G.; Bajars, G.; Kleperis, J. J. Power Sources 2013, 240, 66.
[103] Dettlaff-Weglikowska, U.; Sato, N.; Yoshida, J.; Roth, S. Phys. Status Solidi B 2009, 246, 2482.
[104] Nie, P.; Shen, L.-F.; Chen, L.; Su, X.-F.; Zhang, X.-G.; Li, H.-S. Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin. 2011, 27, 2123. (聂平, 申来法, 陈琳, 苏晓飞, 张校刚, 李洪森, 物理化学学报, 2011, 27, 2123.)
[105] Filkusová, M.; Fedorková, A.; Oriňáková, R.; Oriňák, A.; Nováková, Z.; Škantárová, L. New Carbon Mater. 2013, 28, 1.
[106] Ni, J.; Han, Y.; Gao, L.; Lu, L. Electrochem. Commun. 2013, 31, 84.
[107] Vadivel Murugan, A.; Muraliganth, T.; Ferreira, P. J.; Manthiram, A. Inorg. Chem. 2009, 48, 946.
[108] Zong, J.; Liu, X. Electrochim. Acta 2014, 116, 9.
[109] Qin, Z.; Zhou, X.; Xia, Y.; Tang, C.; Liu, Z. J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 21144.
[110] Su, C.; Bu, X.; Xu, L.; Liu, J.; Zhang, C. Electrochim. Acta 2012, 64, 190.
[111] Zhang, L.; Wang, S.; Cai, D.; Lian, P.; Zhu, X.; Yang, W.; Wang, H. Electrochim. Acta 2013, 91, 108.
[112] Kavan, L.; Bacsa, R.; Tunckol, M.; Serp, P.; Zakeeruddin, S. M.; Formal, F. L.; Zukalova, M.; Graetzel, M. J. Power Sources 2010, 195, 5360.
[113] Yang, G.; Ni, H.; Liu, H.; Gao, P.; Ji, H.; Roy, S.; Pinto, J.; Jiang, X. J. Power Sources 2011, 196, 4747.
[114] Lee, J. W.; Park, M. S.; Anass, B.; Park, J.-H.; Paik, M.-S.; Doo, S.-G. Electrochim. Acta 2010, 55, 4162.
[115] Clemens, O.; Bauer, M.; Haberkorn, R.; Springborg, M.; Beck, H. P. Chem. Mater. 2012, 24, 4717.
[116] Wang, L.; Zhang, L.; Li, J.; Gao, J.; Jiang, C.; He, X. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2012, 7, 3362.
[117] Kope￠, M.; Yamada, A.; Kobayashi, G.; Nishimura, S.; Kanno, R.; Mauger, A.; Gendron, F.; Julien, C. M. J. Power Sources 2009, 189, 1154.
[118] Li, G.; Azuma, H.; Tohda, M. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2002, 149, A743.
[119] Chen, L.; Yuan, Y. Q.; Feng, X.; Li, M.-W. J. Power Sources 2012, 214, 344.
[120] von Hagen, R.; Lorrmann, H.; Möller, K. C.; Mathur, S. Adv. Eng. Mater. 2012, 2, 553.
[121] Sun, Y. K.; Oh, S. M.; Park, H. K.; Scrosati, B. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 5050.
[122] Oh, S. M.; Jung, H. G.; Yoon, C. S.; Myung, S.-T.; Chen, Z.; Amine, K.; Sun, Y.-K. J. Power Sources 2011, 196, 6924.
[123] Pivko, M.; Bele, M.; Tchernychova, E.; Logar, N. Z.; Dominko, R.; Gaberscek, M. Chem. Mater. 2012, 24, 1041.
[124] Wang, F.; Yang, J.; NuLi, Y.; Wang, J. Electrochim. Acta 2013, 103, 96.
[125] Ar?on, D.; Zorko, A.; Dominko, R.; Jagli?i?, Z. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2004, 16, 5531.
[126] Ar?on, D.; Zorko, A.; Cevc, P.; Dominko, R.; Bele, M.; Jamnik, J.; Jagli?i?, Z.; Golosovsky, I. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 2004, 65, 1773.
[127] Li, B. Z.; Wang, Y.; Xue, L.; Li, X. P.; Li, W. S. J. Power Sources 2013, 232, 12.
[128] Su, K.; Liu, F.; Chen, J. J. Power Sources 2013, 232, 234.Xu, T.; Wang, L.; Li, S.; Ma, C. Acta Chim. Sinica 2009, 67, 2275. (徐土根, 王连邦, 李晟, 马淳安, 化学学报, 2009, 67, 2275.)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
