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Acta Chimica Sinica >

2020 , Vol. 78 >Issue 5: 382 - 396

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6023/A20020032

Review

Research Progress of Tandem Organic Solar Cells

  • Wang Wenxuan ,
  • Wang Jianqiu ,
  • Zheng Zhong ,
  • Hou Jianhui
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  • a Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
    b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received date: 2020-02-13

  Online published: 2020-04-26

Supported by

Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Nos. 51703041, 91333204, 91633301, 51673201).

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Abstract

Organic solar cells have been developing quite rapidly in the past two decades. Tang fabricated the first organic solar cell with planar heterojunction in 1986, while the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was only 1%. The PCE of single-junction organic solar cell has increased to over 17% in 2019. However, the single-junction solar cells are limited in performance by the severe energy loss. Tandem organic solar cells that use an interconnecting layer connecting two sub-cells provide the possibility of optimizing the devices performance. The two different active layers of sub-cells have non-overlapping light absorption scales, which make the light utilized more adequately. Therefore, the tandem architecture of devices can extend the light absorption within the solar spectrum and effectively reduce energy loss resulting from thermalization loss and transmission loss. According to Shockley and Queisser's calculation, the limitation of the PCE of a tandem solar cell is 42%, which is higher than 33.8% of a single-junction solar cell. In organic photovoltaics field, the developments of the tandem solar cells benefit from the optimization of active layers, interconnecting layers and construction methods. These achievements have resulted in higher PCEs and the devices approaching practical application. At present, the highest PCE of tandem organic solar cell is 17.3% obtained by Chen's group in 2018, but it is still far from the PCE limitation. According to Kirchhoff's law, the open-circuit voltage (VOC) in series tandem cells is theoretically equal to the sum of the VOCs of sub-cells, and the short-circuit current (JSC) in parallel cells is equal to the sum of the JSCs of sub-cells. Hence, the series tandem solar cells still face with the challenge of the unmatched JSCs and the complexed processing methods. Here, this review mainly focuses on the materials used in tandem solar cells, the structure of the interconnecting layers, the processing methods, the measurement methods and the applications. The critical achievements on tandem organic solar cells in recent years and the progress of larger scale, flexible tandem devices are summarized in this review. It also presents the outlooks of the high performance tandem solar cells based on the material and structure requirements.

Key words： tandem organic solar cell; interconnecting layer; active layer; processing method; measurement method

Cite this article

Wang Wenxuan , Wang Jianqiu , Zheng Zhong , Hou Jianhui . Research Progress of Tandem Organic Solar Cells[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2020 , 78(5) : 382 -396 . DOI: 10.6023/A20020032

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