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Acta Chimica Sinica >

2020 , Vol. 78 >Issue 9: 989 - 993

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6023/A20060269

Article

Mechanistic Study of Oxygenation Reaction in Firefly Bioluminescence

  • Yu Mohan ,
  • Cheng Yuanyuan ,
  • Liu Yajun
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  • a Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
    b Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China

Received date: 2020-06-25

  Online published: 2020-07-17

Supported by

Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21673020, 21973005, 21421003).

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Abstract

As the most common bioluminescence (BL), firefly BL, is of great significance in the fields of biotechnology, biomedicine and so on. The entire BL process involves a series of complicate in vivo chemical reactions. The BL is initiated by the enzymatic oxidation of luciferin. This is a spin-forbidden reaction of low efficiency, because that luciferin is in singlet state and O2 is in triplet state. However, firefly is till-now the most efficient system of converting chemical energy to light energy. Why this spin-forbidden reaction occurs efficiently? A single electron transfer (SET) mechanism has been confirmed on this reaction by experiments. However, there is lack of a complete and detailed description of the mechanism and reaction process. Via a calculation of density functional theory (DFT), this article described the complete process of this reaction. The oxygenation of luciferin is initiated by a SET from singlet L3- to triplet O2 to form RC 3[L·2-…O2·-]. Then the reaction is carried out on the potential energy surface (PES) of triplet state (T1), on which O2·- performs a nucleophilic attack on C4 of L·2-. There is an intersystem crossing between the ground (S0) and T1 PESs nearby the first transition state (TS1). After the ISC (intersystem crossing), the reaction continuously undergoes on the S0 PES to produce dioxetanone FDO- via two TSs and two intermediates (Ints). The analysis on electron densities and natural orbitals indicates that there is a quick reaction of biradical annihilation around the ISC. About 11.9 kcal·mol-1 energy is needed to reach the ISC before the whole reaction occurs on the S0 PES. The highest barrier of the reactions on the S0 PES is only 4.2 kcal·mol-1. The biradical annihilation around the ISC and the very low energy barriers explain the reason of the spin-forbidden reaction with high efficiency. This study is helpful for understanding the initiation of firefly BL and the other oxygen-dependent BL.

Key words： luciferin; oxygenation; mechanism; single electron transfer; density functional theory

Cite this article

Yu Mohan , Cheng Yuanyuan , Liu Yajun . Mechanistic Study of Oxygenation Reaction in Firefly Bioluminescence[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2020 , 78(9) : 989 -993 . DOI: 10.6023/A20060269

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