Heteroatomic co-doped carbon materials have broad application prospect in the field of persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes. In this paper, nitrogen and chlorine co-doped ZIF-8 derived porous carbon materials (NClC) were synthesized by a two-step pyrolysis method, as follows: 1.5 g ZIF-8 was transferred to a quartz boat, calcined for 6 h at 800 ℃ with a heating rate of 5 ℃/min in a N₂ atmosphere, and cool naturally to room temperature; the black carbon material obtained was further treated with 0.5 mol/L HCl for 24 h to remove the residual Zn and then dried in a 60 ℃ oven to acquire N-doped porous carbon (NC); subsequently, 1.2 g NH₄Cl was uniformly dissolved in 20 mL ultrapure water, and 0.15 g of the synthesized NC was added; after stirring and reaction for 5 h, the mixture was placed in a 60 ℃ oven to dry overnight; the dried sample was ground to a uniform powder and then calcined for 2 h at 700, 800, 900 or 1000 ℃ in a N₂ atmosphere to obtain NClCX, in which the “X” represents the secondary calcination temperature (℃). Additionally, NC900 was obtained by calcination of NC at 900 ℃ in the same way without any modification. The composition and structure of all carbon materials were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, BET and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Phenol was employed as a targeted contaminant to explore the performance of NClCX on PMS activation, and the results showed NClC900 exhibited excellent catalytic performance with 97.7% of phenol and 72.4% of total organic carbon (TOC) removal in 30 min. NClC900/PMS system presented excellent acid-base tolerance and anti-interference ability, which can effectively remove phenol over a broad pH range (pH=3~9) or under the interference of various anions (NO₃^-, Cl^-, H₂PO₄^-, HCO₃^-) and humic acid (HA). Moreover, the NClC900/PMS system performed outstanding feasibility in the removal of dyes, antibiotics, phenols, pesticide and purification of actual contaminated water samples. Cyclic experiments showed that NClC900 had good stability and could remove 72.1% of phenol after repeated use for 4 times. Quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance and electrochemical analysis indicated that ¹O₂ and surface-bound SO₄^•- were the main active species for phenol degradation, and the graphite N, C—Cl of NClC900 were the key active sites for generating of ¹O₂ and surface-bound SO₄^•-.