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Acta Chimica Sinica >

2025 , Vol. 83 >Issue 1: 72 - 86

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6023/A24100322

Review

Research Progress on the Dynamic Color Response Mechanism and Applications of Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals

  • Feng Tian ,
  • Huateng Li ,
  • Guowei Zhao ,
  • Changchun Wang
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  • a Phomera Metamaterials Inc., Zhuhai 519099, China
    b State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
*E-mail: ;

Received date: 2024-10-27

  Online published: 2024-11-22

Supported by

Key research and development project of Guangdong Province(2020B010190003)

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Abstract

Photonic crystals (PCs) exhibit unique dynamic color-changing properties, making them highly promising for applications in smart displays, sensing, anti-counterfeiting, information encryption, soft robotics and flexible electronics. This kind of materials, made up of periodic structured materials with varying refractive indices or dielectric constants, exhibit unique optical properties, including photonic band gap (PBG), photon localization, slow photon effect and fluorescence enhancement. Especially, by forming PBG, photonic crystal can reflect specific visible wavelength to create vivid structural color. Based on the construction direction of the periodic structured materials, photonic crystals can be categorized into one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) structures, each exhibiting unique optical properties. Among them, 3D photonic crystals have gained considerable attention due to the bottom-up straightforward and efficient fabrication methods by using colloidal particles. Over the past three decades, significant advancements have been made in 3D photonic crystal, driven by the development of various colloidal assembly techniques. These methods typically employ organic or inorganic microspheres embedded within functional polymer matrix, yielding 3D photonic structures such as opal, inverse opal, double-inverse opal, etc. Notably, 3D photonic crystals exhibit dynamic color responses to external stimuli, including temperature, pH, light, humidity, mechanical force, etc. The dynamic color changes arise from the adjustment of the 3D internal structure such as degree of ordering, effective refractive index (neff) and lattice spacing (d). Such color changes are highly stable and resistant to photobleaching, presenting significant advantages over traditional dyes and pigments. While numerous reviews discuss and analyze the synthesis and preparation of 3D photonic crystals, this review focuses on their critical role in dynamic responsive color changing systems, systematically detailing the mechanisms underlying structural color variation and illustrating their representative visual applications. Finally, this review outlines future development trends in dynamic 3D photonic crystal materials, with the aim of encouraging further exploration and expansion of their technological potential.

Key words： 3D photonic crystal; colloidal particle; structural color; dynamic response; visualization

Cite this article

Feng Tian , Huateng Li , Guowei Zhao , Changchun Wang . Research Progress on the Dynamic Color Response Mechanism and Applications of Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2025 , 83(1) : 72 -86 . DOI: 10.6023/A24100322

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