Research Progress on Bioleaching Technology for Ion-Adsorption Type Rare Earth Ores
Received date: 2024-12-24
Online published: 2025-03-03
Supported by
Thousand Talents Program of Jiangxi Province, China(JXSQ2023201003); Science and Technology Major Program of Ordos City(2022EEDSKJZDZX014-2); Technological Innovation Guidance Program of Jiangxi Province(20212BDH81029); Rare Earth Industry Fund(IAGM2020DB06)
The growing demand for rare earth elements (REEs) has posed significant challenges to their exploitation. Traditional chemical extraction methods of ion-adsorption type rare earth ores (IAREOs), which constitute the primary supply chain for medium and heavy rare earth resources, have caused severe ecological damage. Bioleaching technology has emerged as a promising solution to address the pollution issues in rare earth mining processes. This review comprehensively examines the occurrence states of REEs in IAREOs, the evolution of REEs leaching theory, and focuses on the bioleaching process. Initially, it introduces the genesis and characteristics of different REEs occurrence states in IAREOs and describes the development of leaching theories for IAREOs. The review then systematically explores bioleaching modes, key parameters, influencing factors, and mechanisms. Different bioleaching modes have their specific advantages. In contact bioleaching, microbial activity and metabolic processes may be inhibited by the metal ions leached and the toxic compounds present in the minerals or materials. On the other hand, non-contact bioleaching could avoid this issue while it requires additional facilities and results in a high cost. The choice of bioleaching mode needs to consider factors such as the type of minerals, the types of microorganisms, and operational costs, seeking a balance among these multiple factors. The efficiency of bioleaching is jointly influenced by microbial species and their metabolic products, cultivation conditions, and mineral types. To improve the performance of the bioleaching process, it is essential to consider several physicochemical and microbial factors that affect the bioleaching efficiency of REEs. Fundamentally, improving bioleaching efficiency involves enhancing microbial activity and metabolite concentration while minimizing, or eliminating the inhibitory effects of toxic substances on microbial activity and metabolic processes. The bioleaching mechanisms of IAREOs primarily comprise acid dissolution and subsequent ion exchange mechanisms, complexation-promoted dissolution mechanisms, and intracellular uptake mechanisms. The dominant mechanisms of bioleaching change with different environmental conditions. Bioleaching is often a synergistic process involving acid dissolution and complexation, with the predominance of either process depending on the pH value of solution, the acid dissociation constants (pKa) of the functional groups, and the stability of the formed complexes. In terms of biological uptake, the overall effectiveness is determined by the dynamic balance of multiple factors, which also influences the final rare earth recovery rate obtained through cell recovery. The ecological impact of bioleaching on mining areas is thoroughly examined. Through microbial metabolism and chemical speciation transformation, bioleaching technology significantly reduces the toxicity and mobility of heavy metals in residues, thereby minimizing potential environmental hazards and laying the foundation for rapid ecological restoration. Compared to pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical methods, bioleaching demonstrates superior environmental and economic advantages, reducing environmental pollution and ecological risks associated with mineral extraction, while enabling rapid recovery of ecology. Finally, this review addresses current challenges in bioleaching technology and analyzes potential solutions. The summary and analysis of the bioleaching process presented in this review can provide support for the green bio-extraction of IAREOs and the development of microbial extraction technologies for REEs.
Mengfei Zhao , Hexing Han , Youming Yang , Tinggang Li . Research Progress on Bioleaching Technology for Ion-Adsorption Type Rare Earth Ores[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2025 , 83(4) : 415 -427 . DOI: 10.6023/A24120379
| [1] | Opare, E. O.; Struhs, E.; Mirkouei, A. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 2021, 143, 110917. |
| [2] | Rasoulnia, P.; Barthen, R.; Lakaniemi, A. M. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2020, 51, 378. |
| [3] | Ministry of Land and Resources of the People's Republic of China. 2016. (in Chinese) |
| [3] | (中国国土资源部, 全国矿产资源规划(2016-2020年), 2016.) |
| [4] | Ober, J. A. Mineral commodity summaries 2017, U.S. Geological Survey, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3133/70180197. |
| [5] | Zhou, B.-L.; Li, Z.-X.; Chen, C.-C. Minerals 2017, 7, 203. |
| [6] | Liu, Q.; Zhou, F.; Feng, J.; Liu, X.; Xu, Y.-L.; Wu, X.-Y.; Chi, R.-A. Conserv. Util. Miner. Resour. 2019, 39, 76. (in Chinese) |
| [6] | (刘琦, 周芳, 冯健, 刘旭, 徐源来, 吴晓燕, 池汝安, 矿产保护与利用, 2019, 39, 76.) |
| [7] | Chi, R.-A.; Liu, X.-M. J. Chin. Soc. Rare Earths 2019, 37, 129. (in Chinese) |
| [7] | (池汝安, 刘雪梅, 中国稀土学报, 2019, 37, 129.) |
| [8] | Kynicky, J.; Smith, M. P.; Xu, C. Elements 2012, 8, 361. |
| [9] | Liu, R.-S.; Li, Q.; Gong, M.; Zou, D.-F.; Liao, X.-L.; Liu, X. Adv. Geosci. 2014, 4, 419. (in Chinese) |
| [9] | (刘仁生, 李强, 龚敏, 邹东风, 缪向亮, 刘茜, 地球科学前沿, 2014, 4, 419.) |
| [10] | Xu, C.; Kynicky, J.; Smith, M. P.; Kopriva, A.; Brtnicky′, M.; Urubek, T.; Yang, Y.-H.; Zhao, Z.; He, C.; Song, W.-L. Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 1. |
| [11] | He, C.; Xu, C.; Zhao, Z.; Kynicky, J.; Song, W.-L.; Wang, L.-Z. Ore Geol. Rev. 2017, 81, 309. |
| [12] | Bao, Z.-W.; Zhao, Z.-H. Ore Geol. Rev. 2008, 33, 519. |
| [13] | Chen, X.; He, Q.; Chen, J.-F.; Huang, L.; Tan, C.-M.; Yin, Y.-Q.; Jiao, Y.-F.; Xiao, Y.-F. J. Chin. Soc. Rare Earths 2022, 40, 936. (in Chinese) |
| [13] | (陈昕, 贺强, 陈金发, 黄莉, 谭传满, 尹衍权, 焦芸芬, 肖燕飞, 中国稀土学报, 2022, 40, 936.) |
| [14] | Xiao, Y.-F.; Lai, F.-G.; Huang, L.; Feng, Z.-Y.; Long, Z.-Q. Hydrometallurgy 2016, 34, 1. |
| [15] | Chi, R.-A.; Tian, J.; Luo, X.-P.; Xu, Z.-G.; He, Z.-Y. Nonferrous Met. Sci. Eng. 2012, 3, 1. (in Chinese) |
| [15] | (池汝安, 田君, 罗仙平, 徐志高, 何正艳, 有色金属科学与工程, 2012, 3, 1.) |
| [16] | Xiao, Y.-F.; Gao, G.-H.; Huang, L.; Feng, Z.-Y.; Lai, F.-G.; Long, Z.-Q. Miner. Eng. 2018, 120, 35. |
| [17] | Zhang, Q.-Y.; Ren, F.-T.; Li, F.-D.; Chen, G.-L.; Yang, G.; Wang, J.-Q.; Du, K.; Liu, S.-B.; Li, Z. Environ. Pollut. 2020, 267, 115449. |
| [18] | Xiao, Y.-F.; Feng, Z.-Y.; Huang, X.-W.; Huang, L.; Chen, Y.-Y.; Wang, L.-S.; Long, Z.-Q. Hydrometallurgy 2015, 153, 58. |
| [19] | Wang, G.-F.; Xu, J.; Ran, L.-Y.; Zhu, R.-L.; Ling, B.-W.; Wei, J.-M.; Ma, L.-Y.; Zhuan, Y.-F.; Zhu, J.-X.; He, H.-P. Nat. Sustain. 2022, 6, 81. |
| [20] | Luo, X.-P.; Feng, B.; Wang, P.-C.; Zhou, H.-P.; Chen, X.-M. Metall. Trans. B 2015, 46, 2405. |
| [21] | Tian, J.; Tang, X.-K.; Yin, J.-Q.; Chen, J.; Luo, X.-P.; Rao, G.-H. Metall. Trans. B 2013, 44, 1070. |
| [22] | Thompson, V.-S.; Gupta, M.; Jin, H.-Y.; Vahidi, E.; Yim, M.; Jindra, M.-A.; Nguyen, V.; Fujita, Y.; Sutherland, J.-W.; Jiao, Y.-Q.; Reed, D.-W. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2018, 6, 1602. |
| [23] | Keshavarz, S.; Faraji, F.; Rashchi, F.; Mokmeli, M. J. Environ. Manage. 2021, 285, 112153. |
| [24] | General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China.Table of Import Major Commodity Values (in Chinese). |
| [24] | (中华人民共和国海关总署, 进口主要商品量值表.) |
| [25] | General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China.Table of Outport Major Commodity Values (in Chinese). |
| [25] | (中华人民共和国海关总署, 出口主要商品量值表.) |
| [26] | Orris, G. J.; Seo, Y.; Briggs, D. A.; Cocker, M. D. Global rare earth element occurrence database, U.S. Geological Survey Data Release, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5066/F7DR2TN4. |
| [27] | Zhou, M.-F.; Li, X.-X.; Wang, Z.-C.; Li, X.-C.; Liu, J.-C. Chin Sci Bull. 2020, 65, 3809. (in Chinese) |
| [27] | (周美夫, 李欣禧, 王振朝, 李晓春, 刘嘉成, 科学通报, 2020, 65, 3809.) |
| [28] | Li, M.-Y.-H.; Zhao, W.-W.; Zhou, M.-F. J. Asian Earth Sci. 2017, 148, 65. |
| [29] | Chi, R.-A.; Tian, J.; Li, Z.-J.; Peng, C.; Wu, Y.-X.; Li, S.-R.; Wang, C.-W.; Zhou, Z.-A. J. Rare Earths 2005, (06), 756. |
| [30] | Li, M.-Y.-H.; Zhou, M.-F.; Williams-Jones, A. E. Econ. Geol. 2020, 115, 1097. |
| [31] | Lai, F.-G.; Gao, G.-H.; Huang, L.; Xiao, Y.-F.; Yang, R.; Li, K.-Z. Hydrometallurgy 2023, 41, 25. |
| [32] | Li, M.-Y.-H.; Zhou, M.-F. Am. Mineral. 2020, 105, 92. |
| [33] | Liang, X.-L.; Tan, W.; Ma, L.-Y.; Zhu, J.-X.; He, H. P. Earth Sci. Front. 2022, 29, 29. (in Chinese) |
| [33] | (梁晓亮, 谭伟, 马灵涯, 朱建喜, 何宏平, 地学前缘, 2022, 29, 29.) |
| [34] | Yang, M.-J.; Liang, X.-L.; Ma, L.-Y.; Huang, J.; He, H.-P.; Zhu, J.-X. Chem. Geol. 2019, 525, 210. |
| [35] | Xiao, Y.-F.; Huang, L.; Long, Z.-Q.; Feng, Z.-Y.; Wang, L.-S. J. Rare Earths 2016, 34, 543. |
| [36] | Quinn, K. A.; Byrne, R. H.; Schijf, J. Mar. Chem. 2006, 99, 128. |
| [37] | Zhang, L.-M.; Dong, H.-L.; Liu, Y.; Bian, L.; Wang, X.; Zhou, Z.-Q.; Huang, Y. Chem. Geol. 2019, 483, 544. |
| [38] | Li, Z.-B.; Liu, L.-W.; Chen, J.; Teng, H.-H. Geol. 2016, 44, 319. |
| [39] | Li, Z.-Y.; Li, J.-Y.; Xu, R.-K.; Hong, Z.-N.; Liu, Z.-D. Colloids Surf., A 2015, 478, 22. |
| [40] | Li, Q.; Qin, L.; Wang, G.-S.; Luo, S.-H.; Long, P.; Peng, C.-L. J. Chin. Soc. Rare Earths 2021, 39, 543. (in Chinese) |
| [40] | (李琪, 秦磊, 王观石, 罗嗣海, 龙平, 彭陈亮, 中国稀土学报, 2021, 39, 543.) |
| [41] | Moldoveanu, G. A.; Papangelakis, V. G. Hydrometallurgy 2012, 117-118, 71. |
| [42] | Xiao, Y.-F.; Liu, X.-S.; Feng, Z.-Y.; Huang, X.-W.; Huang, L.; Chen, Y.-Y.; Wu, W.-Y. J. Rare Earths 2015, 33, 545. |
| [43] | Hou, X.; Xu, Q.-H.; Sun, Y.-Y.; Wang, Y.; Li, J.; Zhou, X.-M.; Li, Y.-X. Rare Earth 2016, 37, 1. (in Chinese) |
| [43] | (侯潇, 许秋华, 孙圆圆, 王悦, 李静, 周新木, 李永绣, 稀土, 2016, 37, 1.) |
| [44] | Tian, J.; Yin, J.-Q.; Chi, R.-A.; Rao, G.-H.; Jiang, M.-T.; Kexian, O. Hydrometallurgy 2010, 101, 166. |
| [45] | Wang, L.; Liao, C.-F.; Yang, Y.-M.; Xu, H.-B.; Xiao, Y.-F.; Yan, C.-H. J. Rare Earths 2017, 35, 1233. |
| [46] | Alkan, M.; Karada?, M.; Do?an, M.; Demirba?, ?. Colloids Surf., A 2005, 259, 155. |
| [47] | Fu, H.-P.; Chen, R.-X.; Song, Y.; Wang, T.-W.; Gao, B. Nonferrous Met. (Extr. Metall.) 2021, (03), 180. (in Chinese) |
| [47] | (伏慧平, 陈仁祥, 宋勇, 王太伟, 高柏, 有色金属(冶炼部分), 2021, (03), 180.) |
| [48] | Shi, Y.-L.; Zhang, M.; Chen, M.; Feng, B.; Wan, B.-H.; Wang, Q.-P.; Wu, J.-W.; Chen, Z.-Y. Environ. Pollut. Control 2020, 42, 1496. (in Chinese) |
| [48] | (师艳丽, 张萌, 陈明, 冯兵, 万禀颢, 王启沛, 吴俊伟, 陈振宇, 环境污染与防治, 2020, 42, 1496.) |
| [49] | Vera, M.; Schippers, A.; Sand, W. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2013, 97, 7529. |
| [50] | Barnett, M. J.; Palumbo-Roe, B.; Gregory, S. P. Minerals 2018, 8, 236. |
| [51] | Brisson, V. L.; Zhuang, W.-Q.; Alvarez-Cohen, L. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016, 113, 339. |
| [52] | Qu, Y.; Lian, B. Bioresour. Technol. 2013, 136, 16. |
| [53] | Rasoulnia, P.; Mousavi, S. M.; Rastegar, S. O.; Azargoshasb, H. Waste Manage. 2016, 52, 309. |
| [54] | Jafari, M.; Abdollahi, H.; Shafaei, S. Z.; Gharabaghi, M.; Jafari, H.; Akcil, A.; Panda, S. Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. Rev. 2018, 40, 87. |
| [55] | Fathollahzadeh, H.; Hackett, M. J.; Khaleque, H. N.; Eksteen, J. J.; Kaksonen, A. H.; Watkin, E. L. J. Bioresour. Technol. Rep. 2018, 3, 109. |
| [56] | Brisson, V. L.; Zhuang, W.-Q.; Alvarez-cohen, L. Front. Microbiol. 2020, 10, 3008. |
| [57] | Barnett, M. J.; Palumbo-Roe, B.; Deady, E. A. Minerals 2020, 10, 649. |
| [58] | Tian, Y.; Hu, X.; Song, X.; Yang, A. J. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 2022, 75, 1111. |
| [59] | Meng, X.-Y.; Zhao, H.-B.; Zhang, Y.-S.; Shen, L.; Gu, G.-H.; Qiu, G.-Z.; Zhang, X.-G.; Yu, H.; He, X.; Liu, C. Miner. Eng. 2022, 189, 107900. |
| [60] | Zhou, H.; Wang, J.-J.; Yu, X.-Y.; Kang, J.; Qiu, G.-Z.; Zhao, H.-B.; Shen, L. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2024, 330, 125305. |
| [61] | Zhao, Y.; Zhao, H.-B.; Shen, L.; Qiu, G.-Z.; Wang, Y.-Y. J. Environ. Manage. 2024, 368, 122184. |
| [62] | Shen, L.; Zhou, H.; Shi, Q.-Y.; Meng, X.-Y.; Zhao, Y.; Qiu, G.-Z.; Zhang, X.-G.; Yu, H.; He, X.; He, H.-J.; Zhao, G.-B. Hydrometallurgy 2023, 216, 106019. |
| [63] | Corbett, M.-K.; Eksteen, J.-J.; Niu, X.-Z.; Watkin, E. L. J. Res. Microbiol. 2018, 169, 558. |
| [64] | Jin, H.-Y.; Reed, D. W.; Thompson, V. S.; Fujita, Y.; Jiao, Y.-Q.; Crain-Zamora, M.; Fisher, J.; Scalzone, K.; Griffel, M.; Hartley, D.; Sutherland, J. W. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2019, 7, 15311. |
| [65] | Zhang, Z.-L.; Allen, L.; Podder, P.; Free, M. L.; Sarswat, P. K. Minerals 2021, 11, 484. |
| [66] | Fathollahzadeh, H.; Eksteen, J. J.; Kaksonen, A. H.; Watkin, E. L. J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2018, 103, 1043. |
| [67] | Beolchini, F.; Fonti, V.; Dell’Anno, A.; Rocchetti, L.; Vegliò, F. Waste Manage. 2012, 32, 949. |
| [68] | Hopfe, St.; Flemming, K.; Lehmann, F.; M?ckel, R.; Kutschke, S.; Pollmann, K. Waste Manage. 2017, 62, 211. |
| [69] | Reynier, N.; Gagné-Turcotte, R.; Coudert, L.; Costis, S.; Cameron, R.; Blais, J. F. Minerals 2021, 11, 302. |
| [70] | Mouna, H. M.; Baral, S. S. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2021, 9, 104848. |
| [71] | Maes, S.; Zhuang, W.-Q.; Rabaey, K.; Alvarez-Cohen, L.; Hennebel, T. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2017, 51, 1654. |
| [72] | Pande, V.; Pandey, S. C.; Sati, D.; Bhatt, P.; Samant, M. Front. Microbiol. 2022, 13, 824084. |
| [73] | Naseri, T.; Beiki, V.; Mousavi, S. M.; Farnaud, S. RSC Adv. 2023, 13, 23570. |
| [74] | Shen, L.; Zhou, H.; Qiu, G.-Z.; Zhao, G.-B. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2024, 12, 112117. |
| [75] | Glombitza, F.; Reichel, S. Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol. 2014, 141, 49. |
| [76] | Mahmoud, A.; Cézac, P.; Hoadley, A. F. A.; Contamine, F.; D'Hugues, P. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 2017, 119, 118. |
| [77] | Fathollahzadeh, H.; Becker, T.; Eksteen, J. J.; Kaksonen, A. H.; Watkin, E. L. J. Bioresour. Technol. Rep. 2018, 3, 102. |
| [78] | Tributsch, H. Hydrometallurgy 2001, 59, 177. |
| [79] | Zhao, M.-F.; Teng, Z.-D.; Ma, X.-Y.; Jiang, X.-L.; Zhang, H.-L.; Yang, Y.-M.; Li, T.-G. J. Rare Earths 2025, 43, 591. |
| [80] | Shin, D.; Kim, J.; Kim, B. S.; Jeong, J.; Lee, J. C. Minerals 2015, 5, 189. |
| [81] | Peng, T.-J.; Shi, L.-J.; Yu, R.-L.; Gu, G.-H.; Zhou, D.; Chen, M.; Qiu, G.-Z.; Zeng, W.-M. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 2016, 26, 2220. |
| [82] | Feng, S.-S.; Qiu, Y.-K.; Huang, Z.-Z.; Yin, Y.-J.; Zhang, H.-L.; Zhu, D.-Q.; Tong, Y.-J.; Yang, H.-L. Environ. Res. 2021, 199, 111341. |
| [83] | Bao, Y.-P.; Guo, C.-L.; Lu, G.-N.; Yi, X.-Y.; Wang, H.; Dang, Z. Sci. Total Environ. 2018, 616-617, 647. |
| [84] | Watling, H. R.; Collinson, D. M.; Fjastad, S.; Kaksonen, A. H.; Li, J.; Morris, C.; Perrot, F. A.; Rea, S. M.; Shiers, D. W. Miner. Eng. 2014, 58, 90. |
| [85] | Zhang, L.-J.; Zhou, W.-B.; Liu, Y.-D.; Jia, H.-H.; Zhou, J.; Wei, P.; Zhou, H.-B. Hydrometallurgy 2020, 191, 105227. |
| [86] | Jaiswal, M.; Srivastava, S. J. Hazard. Mater. Adv. 2024, 14, 100435. |
| [87] | Nguyen, T. H.; Won, S. M.; Ha, M. G.; Nguyen, D. D.; Kang, H. Y. Chemosphere 2021, 282, 131108. |
| [88] | Watling, H. Minerals 2016, 6, 49. |
| [89] | Brown, R. M.; Mirkouei, A.; Reed, D.; Thompson, V. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 2023, 173, 113099. |
| [90] | Ou, M.; Deng, Y.-X.; Wang, F.-F.; Zhu, C.; Zhang, Q.-L.; Zhu, B.-X. Chin. J. Org. Chem. 2013, 33, 1798. (in Chinese) |
| [90] | (欧敏, 邓雅欣, 王芳芳, 朱纯, 张奇龙, 朱必学, 有机化学, 2013, 33, 1798.) |
| [91] | Shi, S.-L.; Pan, J.-H.; Dong, B.; Zhou, W.-G.; Zhou, C.-C. Minerals 2023, 13, 1186. |
| [92] | Kevin, H. J.; Zhou, X.-P. Chin. J. Geochem. 1997, 16, 20. |
| [93] | Serrano, M. J. G.; Sanz, L. F. A.; Nordstrom, D. K. Chem. Geol. 2000, 165, 167. |
| [94] | Gu, J.; Ding, Y.; Ke, J.; Zhang, Y.-W.; Yan, C.-H. Acta Chim. Sin. 2013, 71, 360. (in Chinese) |
| [94] | (顾均, 丁祎, 柯俊, 张亚文, 严纯华, 化学学报, 2013, 71, 360.) |
| [95] | Cotton, S. A.; Raithby, P. R. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2017, 340, 220. |
| [96] | Li, S.-C.; Jansone-Popova, S.; Jiang, D.-E. Sci. Rep. 2024, 14, 11301. |
| [97] | Qian, C.-T.; Wang, C.-H.; Chen, Y.-F. Acta Chim. Sin. 2014, 72, 883. (in Chinese) |
| [97] | (钱长涛, 王春红, 陈耀峰, 化学学报, 2014, 72, 883.) |
| [98] | Wang, H.-N.; Zhang, A.-G.; Zhang, Z.; Tian, H.-R.; Yue, Q.; Zhao, X.; Lu, Y.; Liu, S.-X. Acta Chim. Sinica 2021, 79, 920. (in Chinese) |
| [98] | (王赫男, 张安歌, 张仲, 田洪瑞, 岳倩, 赵雪, 鹿颖, 刘术侠, 化学学报, 2021, 79, 920.) |
| [99] | Ilyas, S.; Lee, J. C. ChemBioEng Rev. 2014, 1, 148. |
| [100] | Hogan, D. E.; Curry, J. E.; Pemberton, J. E.; Maier, R. M. J. Hazard. Mater. 2017, 340, 171. |
| [101] | Mattocks, J. A.; Jung, J. J.; Lin, C.-Y.; Dong, Z.-Y.; Yennawar, N. H.; Featherston, E. R.; Kang-Yun, C. S.; Hamilton, T. A.; Park, D. M.; Boal, A. K.; Joseph, A. Cotruvo Jr J. A. Nature 2023, 618, 87. |
| [102] | Jiang, W.-J.; Li, Z.-J.; Zhang, Z.-Y.; Zhang, J.; Liu, T.; Yu, M.; Zhou, Y.-L.; Chai, Z.-F. Acta Chim. Sinica 2008, 66, 1740. (in Chinese) |
| [102] | (姜文君, 李子杰, 张智勇, 张静, 刘涛, 于明, 周云龙, 柴之芳, 化学学报, 2008, 66, 1740.) |
| [103] | Zhong, Y.-W.; Qian, X.-N.; Ma, C.; Liu, K.; Zhang, H. J. Acta Chim. Sin. 2023, 81, 1624. (in Chinese) |
| [103] | (钟越文, 钱希宁, 马超, 刘凯, 张洪杰, 化学学报, 2023, 81, 1624.) |
| [104] | Das, N.; Das, D. J. Rare Earths 2013, 31, 933. |
| [105] | Park, D. M.; Reed, D. W.; Yung, M. C.; Eslamimanesh, A.; Lencka, M. M.; Anderko, A.; Fujita, Y.; Riman, R. E.; Navrotsky, A.; Jiao, Y.-Q. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016, 50, 2735. |
| [106] | Cheng, Y.-J.; Zhang, L.; Bian, X.-J.; Zuo, H.-Y.; Dong, H.-L. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018, 25, 22334. |
| [107] | Zhou, Y.; Zhu, N.-M.; Kang, N.-X.; Cao, Y.-L.; Shi, C.-H.; Wu, P.-X.; Dang, Z.; Zhang, X.-P.; Qin, B.-Q. Waste Manage. 2017, 60, 552. |
| [108] | Jurkowski, W.; Paper, M.; Brück, T. B. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 2022, 10, 833122. |
| [109] | Cao, Y.; Shao, P.-H.; Chen, Y.-D.; Zhou, X.-Y.; Yang, L.-M.; Shi, H.; Yu, K.; Luo, X.-X.; Luo, X.-B. Resour., Conserv. Recycl. 2021, 169, 105519. |
| [110] | Minoda, A.; Sawada, H.; Suzuki, S.; Miyashita, S. I.; Inagaki, K.; Yamamoto, T.; Tsuzuki, M. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2015, 99, 1513. |
| [111] | Lederer, F. L.; Braun, R.; Sch?ne, L.M.; Pollmann, K. Miner. Eng. 2019, 132, 245. |
| [112] | Ketife, A. M. D. A.; Momani, F. A.; Judd, S. Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 2020, 144, 52. |
| [113] | Yan, T.-F.; Liu, S.-D.; Luo, Y.-C.; Zou, Y.-P.; Liu, J.-Q. Acta Chim. Sinica 2021, 79, 999. (in Chinese) |
| [113] | (闫腾飞, 刘盛达, 罗逸尘, 邹应萍, 刘俊秋, 化学学报, 2021, 79, 999.) |
| [114] | Giese, E. C. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2020, 36, 52. |
| [115] | Diniz, V.; Volesky, B. Water Res. 2005, 39, 239. |
| [116] | Béchet, Q.; Shilton, A.; Guieysse, B. Biotechnol. Adv. 2013, 31, 1648. |
| [117] | Hu, X.; Cao, J.-C.; Yang, H.-Y.; Li, D.-H.; Qiao, Y.; Zhao, J.-L.; Zhang, Z.-X.; Huang, L. Plos One 2020, 15, e0226557. |
| [118] | Lo, Y.-C.; Cheng, C.-L.; Han, Y.-L.; Chen, B.-Y.; Chang, J.-S. Bioresour. Technol. 2014, 160, 182. |
| [119] | Oliveira, R. C.; Jouannin, C.; Guibal, E.; Garcia Jr, O. Process Biochem. 2011, 46, 736. |
| [120] | Wu, Y.; Wang, Y.-J.; Du, J.-G.; Wang, Z.-H.; Wu, Q.-L. J. Rare Earths 2016, 34, 747. |
| [121] | Wang, B.; Yuan, X.-Y.; Han, L.; Wang, X.-Y.; Zhang, L.-J. Environ. Earth Sci. 2015, 74, 5087. |
| [122] | Liao, X.-J.; Ye, M.-Y.; Li, S.-P.; Liang, J.-L.; Zhou, J.-L.; Zhou, S.-Y.; Fang, X.-D.; Gan, Q.-W.; Sun, S.-Y. J. Cleaner Prod. 2021, 316, 128319. |
| [123] | Zheng, X.-J.; Lin, H.-J.; Du, D.-L.; Li, G.-L.; Alam, O.; Cheng, Z.; Liu, X.-L.; Jiang, S.; Li, J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2024, 284, 116883. |
| [124] | Ye, M.-Y.; Liang, J.-L.; Liao, X.-J.; Li, L.-L.; Feng, X.-D.; Qian, W.; Zhou, S.-Y.; Sun, S.-Y. J. Environ. Manage. 2021, 279, 111795. |
| [125] | Lei, C.; Yan, B.; Chen, T.; Xiao, X.-M. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2018, 25, 21233. |
| [126] | Zhang, Y.; Li, Q.; Liu, X.-L.; Yin, H.-Q.; Yang, Y.-B.; Xu, B.; Jiang, T.; He, Y.-H. J. Cleaner Prod. 2020, 256, 120391. |
| [127] | Feng, S.-S.; Yang, H.-L.; Wang, W. Bioresour. Technol. 2015, 192, 75. |
| [128] | Wang, J.; Tian, B.-Y.; Bao, Y.-H.; Qian, C.; Yang, Y.-R.; Niu, T.-Q.; Xin, B.-P. J. Hazard. Mater. 2018, 354, 250. |
| [129] | Zeng, X.-Y.; Xiao, Z.-H.; Zhang, G.-L.; Wang, A.-D.; Li, Z.-H.; Liu, Y.-H.; Wang, H.; Zeng, Q.-R.; Liang, Y.-S.; Zou, D.-S. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 2018, 132, 82. |
| [130] | Fonti, V.; Dell'Anno, A.; Beolchini, F. Sci. Total Environ. 2016, 563-564, 302. |
| [131] | Li, Q.; Zhu, J.-Y.; Li, S.-P.; Zhang, R.-Y.; Xiao, T.-F.; Sand, W. Front. Microbiol. 2020, 11, 44. |
| [132] | Hao, X.-D.; Zhu, P.; Zhang, H.-Z.; Liang, Y.-L.; Yin, H.-Q.; Liu, X.-D.; Bai, L.-Y.; Liu, H.-W.; Jiang, H.-D. Sci. Total Environ. 2019, 655, 347. |
| [133] | Zhang, R.-Y.; Hedrich, S.; R?mer, F.; Goldmann, D.; Schippers, A. Hydrometallurgy 2020, 197, 105443. |
| [134] | Pepper, I.; Zerzghi, H.; Bengson, S.; Glenn, E. Arid Land Res. Manage. 2013, 27, 245. |
| [135] | Nkuna, R.; Ijoma, G. N.; Matambo, T. S.; Chimwani, N. Minerals 2022, 12, 506. |
| [136] | Lin, H.; Liu, C.-J.; Li, B.; Dong, Y.-B. J. Hazard. Mater. 2021, 402, 123829. |
| [137] | Pirsaheb, M.; Zadsar, S.; Rastegar, S. O.; Gu, T.-Y.; Hossini, H. Environ. Technol. Innovation 2021, 22, 101480. |
| [138] | Pirsaheb, M.; Zadsar, S.; Hossini, H.; Rastegar, S. O.; Kim, H. Environ. Technol. Innovation 2022, 28, 102801. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
