1 引言
2 窄谱带光电探测器的性能参数
表1 窄谱带光电探测器性能参数Table 1 Performance parameters of narrowband photodetectors |
| Metric | Equation | Unit | Defination |
|---|---|---|---|
| Responsivity (R) | R=Iph/Plight Iph: Generated photocurrent, Plight: Incident optical power | A•W-1 | The ratio of the photogenerated current of the PDs to the incident light power intensity |
| External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) | EQE=R×(ℎc/qλ)≈R×1240/λ h: Planck’s constant, c: the speed of light, q: the elementary charge, λ: the incident light wavelength | — | The ratio of the number of collected charges to the number of incident photons per unit time |
| Noise-equivalent power (NEP) | NEP=(IN/B1/2)/R IN: Noise current, B: electrical bandwidth | W•Hz-1/2 | NEP is defined as the minimal detectable light power of photodetectors |
| Specific Detectivity (D*) | D*=A1/2/NEP=R(AB)1/2/IN A: device area | cm•Hz1/2•W-1 (Jones) | Normalize NEP to device area and electrical bandwidth of noise measurement |
| Linear dynamic range (LDR) | LDR=20×log(Imax/Imin) Imax and Imin are the corresponding maximum and minimum photocurrent limits | dB | The light intensity range with a linear relationship between the photocurrent and the incident light intensity |
| −3 dB bandwidth (ƒ−3dB) | ƒ2-3Db=(3.5/2πttr)2+(1/2πRC)2 ttr:carrier transit time, RC: RC‑time of the circuit | Hz | Modulation frequency at which the responsivity of the device is half of that at steady state conditions |
| Spectral rejection ratio (SRR) | SRR(λtarget, λref)=R(λtarget)/R(λref) λtarget is the light wavelength within the target detection spectral range, λref is the light wavelength outside the target detection spectral range. | — | The contrast between the response in target spectral range and outside target spectral range |
| Full width at half-maximum (FWHM) | — | nm | Full width at half-maximum of absorption or photoresponse spectra |
3 基于窄谱吸收分子的光电探测器
图2 光电探测器探测半峰宽≥50 nm的代表性材料体系Figure 2 Representative material systems for photodetectors with FWHM≥50 nm |
表2 基于窄谱吸收材料的有机光电探测器性能总结Table 2 Performance summary of narrowband photodetectors based on narrow light absorbing materials |
| Photoactive materials | λsolution/nm | FWHMsolution/nm | λdevice/nm | FWHMdevice/nm | R/(A•W-1) | EQE/% | D*/Jones | LDR/dB | ƒ3dB/kHz | Bias/V | SRR | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F8BT | 448 (film) | 85 (film) | 465 | 0.12 | — | [15] | |||||||
| PFO:R6G | 560 (film) | 94 (film) | 554 | — | — | 0.01 | — | — | — | — | — | [15] | |
| PFO:Ni(t-Bu)4Pc | 609 (film) | 68 (film) | 610 | 70 | — | 0.001 | — | — | — | — | — | [15] | |
| SiNc-C6 | 770 | <50 | 795 | 80 | 0.491 | 76.6 | 5.66 ×1012 | 112 | 94.2 | -3 | — | [16] | |
| DMQA/SubPc | — | — | 560 | 80 | 131 | 0.27 | 60.1 | 2.34×1012 | — | — | -5 | — | [17] |
| DM-2,9-DMQA/SubPc | 546 | 60 | 580 | 115 | 0.264 | 76.6 | 56.5 | 2.03×1012 | — | — | -3 | — | [18] |
| Rubrene/C60 | — | — | 470 | 80 | 0.21 | 55 | — | — | 950 | -1 | — | [30] | |
| PP-TPD | 552 | 138 | 550 | 148 | 0.11 | 24 | 1.04×1012 | 160 | 42.8 | -3 | — | [31] | |
| F8T2 | — | — | 450 | 110 | 0.016 | <5 | 1.15×1012 | 125 | 10.6 | -5 | — | [32] | |
| PP-Th | 503 | — | 510 | 118 | — | 13 | 1.42×1012 | 84.9 | 3.1 | — | — | [33] | |
| PNa6-Th:PCBM | 420 | ≈100 | 420 | 103 | 0.128 | 37.8 | 2.31×1012 | 142 | 9.1 | -1 | — | [34] | |
| PCZ-Th-DPP | 670 | 181 | 700 | 148 | — | — | 4.63×1012 | 109 | 1.23 | -1 | — | [35] | |
| PSBOTz:PNDBO | 536 | >100 | 530 | 153 | 0.07 | 16.4 | 1.1×1013 | — | — | -2 | — | [36] | |
| PolyTPD:SBDTIC | 695 | — | 740 | 141 | 0.06 | 10.5 | 1.42×1013 | 77.9 | 118.3 | 0 | — | [37] | |
| SubPc:C60 | ≈580 | 50 | 40.6 | ≈8×1011 | — | — | -2 | 120 | [19] | ||||
| SubPc | 571 | 137.71 | 0.14 | 31.91 | 2.40×1012 | — | — | 0 | — | [20] | |||
| NPy-Te-BABS:C60 | 525 | 25 | 535 | 92 | 0.285 | 66 | 9.36×1012 | 98 | — | -3 | — | [27] | |
| NPh-Te-BABS:C60 | 535 | 45 | 540 | 114 | 0.2 | 50 | 4.12×1011 | — | -3 | — | [27] | ||
| BDP-OMe | — | — | 770 | 96 | — | 49.3 | 1.0×1013 | — | 1050 | 0 | 8.3 | [38] | |
| DIBSQ:SBDTIC | — | — | 676 | 85 | 0.083 | — | 5.06×1012 | 74.32 | 11.56 | -2 | 5.29 | [39] | |
| M4 | 545 | 48 | 550 | 97 | 0.21 | 48.6 | 3.73×1013 | — | — | -3 | — | [24] | |
| ISQ | — | — | 680 | 80 | 0.285 | 15 | 3.2×1012 | 114 | 190 | -2 | — | [28] | |
| Ketocyanine:PC60BM | 504 | 69 | 510 | 130 | 0.03 | 3.5 | — | — | — | -1 | — | [22] | |
| KetocyanineBr | 515 | 71 | 525 | 80 | 0.06 | 15 | 1.00×1011 | 80 | 25 | -1 | — | [23] | |
| CY7-T | — | — | 850 | 130 | 0.165 | 23 | 1.0×1012 | — | — | -2 | — | [21] | |
| PSQ | 550 | 135 | 600 | 110 | 0.32 | 66 | 7.7×1012 | 48 | — | -2.5 | — | [40] | |
| Cyanine 1:C60 | 548 | — | 560 | 97 | 0.32 | 15 | 70 | 4.37×1013 | — | — | 3 | — | [26] |
| Cyanine 2:C60 | 524 | — | 540 | 102 | 46.7 | — | — | — | 3 | — | [26] | ||
| UPSQ | 500 | 99 | 500 | 90 | 0.06 | 16 | 3×1011 | >50 | — | -3 | — | [29] |
3.1 器件探测FWHM大于等于50 nm的材料体系
3.2 器件探测FWHM小于50 nm的材料体系
图3 (a)硼氮掺杂多重共振体系的分子设计策略和性质特点; (b)基于MR分子的窄谱带光晶体管及其光谱选择性探测性能[41]; (c)基于MR分子的窄谱带光二极管及其光谱选择性探测性能[42]Figure 3 (a) Molecular design strategies and property characteristics of boron/nitrogen doped multiple-resonance systems. (b) Narrowband phototransistors based on MR molecules and their spectral selective detection performance[41]. Copyright 2025 Wiley-VCH. (c) Narrowband photodiode based on MR molecules and its spectral selective detection performance[42]. Copyright 2024, Wiley-VCH |
4 基于J-聚集体的窄谱带光电探测器
图6 (a)经典J-聚集的分子堆积方式及光谱特点; (b)基于1(Hex)与1(Pryl)聚集体的窄谱带光电探测器[51]; (c)基于PTCDI-C13薄膜与h-BN异质结的窄谱带光电探测器[52]; (d)基于QIDTs薄膜的有机窄谱带光电探测器[53]; (e)具有分子内电荷转移耦合的J-聚集的分子堆积方式及光谱特点; (f)基于SQ-H/PC61BM异质结的有机窄谱带光电探测器及其应用[54]Figure 6 (a) The molecular stacking mode and spectral characteristics of classical J-aggregation. (b) Narrowband organic photodetector based on 1(Hex) and 1(Pryl) aggregation[51]. Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH. (c) Narrowband organic photodetector based on PTCDI-C13 thin film and h-BN heterojunction[52]. Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH. (d) Narrowband organic photodetector based on QIDTs thin film[53]. Copyright 2023, Wiley-VCH. (e) The molecular stacking mode and spectral characteristics of J-aggregation with intramolecular charge transfer coupling; (f) Narrowband organic photodetector based on SQ-H/PC61BM heterojunction and its application[54]. Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH |