Photochemical Generation of Sulfide Radical Cations and Their Synthetic Applications
Received date: 2025-09-10
Online published: 2025-10-17
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(22201201)
Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY23B020001)
Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2024JJ7176)
The chemistry of free radicals has advanced significantly in recent years. Radical reactions provide chemists a powerful means to access synthetic pathways that were previously regarded as highly challenging or practically unfeasible. Generally, radicals can be classified into three main categories based on their electronic properties: neutral radicals, radical cations, and radical anions. With the advancement of radical chemistry, considerable efforts have been devoted to the study of neutral radicals. In contrast, the transformations of corresponding radical ions remain largely unexplored. Radical ions are commonly generated using oxidants or reductants, photochemical methods, or electrochemical methods. Sulfides and their radical cations are commonly used in synthetic chemistry. This manuscript reviews recent advances in the photochemical generation of sulfide radical cations and summarizes their synthetic applications. It is divided into three sections covering single-electron oxidation of sulfides, S—X bond homolysis of thianthrenium salts, and single-electron transfer from phenothiazine-based photocatalysts. The generated sulfide radical cations can promote C—S and C—H bond cleavage of sulfides, induce O—H bond activation of alcohols, facilitate single-electron transfer from substrates, and drive radical-radical coupling reactions. Moreover, the application of sulfide radical cations in various photocatalytic processes and their synthetic potential are also discussed. The future prospects and emerging trends in the use of sulfide radical cations in organic chemistry are further highlighted.
Key words: photocatalysis; sulfides; radicals; sulfide radical cations; sulfonium
Yuping Xiong , Wenlin Xie , Jianqiang Chen , Jie Wu . Photochemical Generation of Sulfide Radical Cations and Their Synthetic Applications[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2025 , 83(12) : 1592 -1618 . DOI: 10.6023/A25090302
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