1 引言
2 硒化氢供体合成及生物应用
2.1 H2Se的水解释放机制
图1 (a) TDN1042的合成; (b) TDN1042的水解过程[44]; (c) TDN1042与(d) 2AP-PSe的反应示意图; (e)与2AP-PSe共同孵育的HeLa细胞的飞行时间二次离子质谱图像[45]Figure 1 (a) Synthesis of TDN1042; (b) Hydrolysis process of TDN1042[44] (Copyright 2019 Royal Society of Chemistry). Schematic of the reaction between (c) TDN1042 and (d) 2AP-PSe; (e) TOF-SIMS images of HeLa cells co-incubated with 2AP-PSe[45] (Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society) |
2.2 H2Se的亲核释放机制
图2 (a)半胱氨酸激活的H2Se供体释放示意图; (b)硒酰胺的动力学机制示意图[46]; (c)触发式H₂Se供体通用平台示意图及其在荧光供体中的应用; (d) H₂Se供体合成路径示意图与H2Se释放机制[47]; (e)可触发的H2Se供体和分析物替换型荧光探针示意图[48]Figure 2 (a) Schematic of cysteine-activated donor release of H2Se; (b) Schematic of the kinetic mechanism of Selenamide[46] (Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society). (c) Schematic of triggered H2Se donor universal platform and Its application in fluorescent donor; (d) Schematic of H2Se donor synthesis pathway and H2Se release mechanism[47] (Copyright 2024 American Chemical Society); (e) General FITA platform for developing H2Se-activated donors and analyte-replacement fluorescent probe[48] (Copyright 2025 American Chemical Society) |
图4 (a) H2Se供体合成路径; (b) H2Se释放机制; (c) H2Se检测机制示意图[50]; (d) γ-酮硒醚的合成; (e) H2Se供体的释放机制示意图; (f)不同H2Se供体释放速率的比较[51]Figure 4 (a) Synthesis of H2Se donor; (b) The release mechanism of H2Se; (c) Schematic of the detection mechanism of H2Se[50] (Copyright 2024 Royal Society of Chemistry); (d) Synthesis of γ-ketoselenylether; (e) Schematic of the release mechanism of H2Se donors; (f) Comparison of various kinds of H2Se donors with different release rates[51] (Copyright 2024 Royal Society of Chemistry) |
2.3 H2Se的其他释放机制
3 细胞及活体内硒化氢的检测
3.1 基于苯并杂卓基团的H2Se荧光探针
图8 (a) NIR-H2Se的合成与响应机制; (b) NIR-H2Se对H2Se的选择性及实时荧光响应H2Se[69]; (c)介孔硅纳米探针NIR-H2Se用于检测H2Se[75]; (d) Se-1探针对H2Se的响应机制; (e)常氧与缺氧条件下活细胞的荧光共聚焦图像[74]Figure 8 (a) Synthesis and response mechanism of NIR-H2Se; (b) Selectivity and real time fluorescent response of NIR-H2Se to H2Se[69] (Copyright 2015 Royal Society of Chemistry); (c) The mesoporous silicon nanoprobe NIR-H2Se is used for the detection of H2Se[75] (Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society). (d) Response mechanism of Se-1 probe to H2Se; (e) Fluorescence confocal images of living cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions[74] (Copyright 2015 Royal Society of Chemistry) |
3.2 基于其他识别位点H2Se荧光探针
图9 (a) Hcy-H2Se对H2Se的响应机制; (b)常氧与缺氧条件下Hcy-H2Se处理的活细胞荧光共聚焦图像[70]. (c) HBT-Se的检测机制; (d)基于纸基的HBT-Se传感机制[71]Figure 9 (a) Response mechanism of Hcy-H2Se toward H2Se; (b) Fluorescence confocal images of living cells incubated with Hcy-H2Se under normoxic and hypoxic conditions[70] (Copyright 2017 American Chemical Society). (c) Detection mechanism of HBT-Se; (d) Schematic diagram of HBT-Se paper-based sensor[71] (Copyright 2020 Elsevier) |