1 引言
2 配体安装或顺序配体安装策略用于锆基MOF后修饰
2.1 桥连配体顺序安装
2.1.1 柔性MOF的设计与合成
图3 (a) BPDC在fcu结构中的构象. (b) Me2-BPDC在bcu结构中的构象. (c, e) BPDC形成的fcu结构. (d, f) Me2-BPDC形成的bcu结构. 已获得参考文献[60]的转载许可, 版权所有© 2015 American Chemical SocietyFigure 3 (a) Conformation of BPDC in the fcu structure. (b) Conformation of Me2-BPDC in the bcu structure. (c, e) fcu structure formed with BPDC. (d, f) bcu structure formed with Me2-BPDC. Reprinted with permission from ref. [60]. Copy right © 2015 American Chemical Society |
2.1.2 插入连接体的长度和构型选择
图4 (a) PCN-609及其衍生物(b) PCN-609-BDC, (c) PCN-609-BPDC, (d) PCN-609-TPDC, (e) PCN-609-BDC-BPDC, (f) PCN-609-BDC-TPDC, (g) PCN-609-BPDC-TPDC和(h) PCN-609-BDC-BPDC-TPDC的单晶结构. 已获得参考文献[64]的转载许可, 版权所有© 2018 American Chemical SocietyFigure 4 Single crystal structures of (a) PCN-609 and its derivatives (b) PCN-609-BDC, (c) PCN-609-BPDC, (d) PCN-609-TPDC, (e) PCN-609-BDC-BPDC, (f) PCN-609-BDC-TPDC, (g) PCN-609-BPDC-TPDC and (h) PCN-609-BDC-BPDC-TPDC. Reprinted with permission from ref. [64]. Copy right © 2018 American Chemical Society |
2.1.3 功能性连接体的选择
图6 (a)安装不同连接体后PCN-700-Me2的示意图与(b)结构. 插图: 对应单晶的显微镜视图照片. 已获得参考文献[80]的转载许可, 版权所有© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, WeinheimFigure 6 (a) Representations and (b) structures of PCN-700-Me2 with different linkers installed. Insets: photos of the microscope view of the corresponding single crystal. Reprinted with permission from ref. [80]. Copy right © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim |
图7 (a)通过对原型LIFM-28采用双溶剂插嵌(DSI)策略, 成功构建了系列多变量MOF催化剂, 并展示了其在不同催化用途间的相互转化关系. 在晶体结构示意图中, 嵌入的功能间隔基分子结构已明确标注, 其中ArSO3H基团以橙色球体简化表示, Zr6金属簇则以紫色多面体形式呈现. 已获得参考文献[82]的转载许可, 版权所有© 2019 American Chemical Society. (b)通过间隔基H2L5实现的合成后可变间隔基安装. 沿c轴发生的弹性形变可通过不同长度的间隔基进行调控. 已获得参考文献[86]的转载许可, 版权所有© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, WeinheimFigure 7 (a) Generation of multivariate MOF catalysts via the DSI approach from proto-LIFM-28 showing their interconversion toward different catalytic purposes. The molecular structures of the inserted functional spacers are illustrated for crystal structures, in which the ArSO3H group is simplified as an orange ball and Zr6-clusters are shown as purple polyhedrons. Reprinted with permission from ref. [82]. Copy right © 2019 American Chemical Society. (b) Post-synthetic variable-spacer installation (PVSI) demonstration by spacer H2L5. Elastic deformation occurring in the c-axis is controllable by spacers of different lengths. Reprinted with permission from ref. [86]. Copy right © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim |
图8 (a) MOF手性选择性传感材料的构建方法. 已获得参考文献[89]的转载许可, 版权所有© 2024 American Chemical Society. (b)连接体H2BCMTC插入Zr6(Me2BPDC)4 MOF, 形成新的Zr-MOF. 已获得参考文献[90]的转载许可, 版权所有© 2018 American Chemical SocietyFigure 8 (a) Construction methods of MOF-based enantioselective sensing materials. Reprinted with permission from ref. [89]. Copy right © 2024 American Chemical Society. (b) The linker, H2BCMTC, was installed as a capping linker into an existing MOF framework, Zr6(Me2BPDC)4, to make new Zr-MOF. Reprinted with permission from ref. [90]. Copy right © 2018 American Chemical Society |
2.2 单齿配体封端安装
图9 (a)通过甲酸盐交换与三氟甲磺酰化反应, 对Zr6-BTB进行合成后修饰活化, 获得具有强路易斯酸性的Zr6OTf-BTB. (b) Zr6-BTB(红色)、Zr6OTf-BTB(蓝色)及多组分反应后回收MOF(绿色)的PXRD图谱, 与模拟图谱(黑色)对比. (c) Zr6OTf-BTB的TEM图像. (d) Zr6OTf-BTB的HR-TEM图像. (e, f) Zr6-BTB与Zr6OTf-BTB的原子力显微镜形貌图及相应高度分布曲线. (g) Zr6OTf-BTB-(NMA)(蓝色)、Zr6-BTB-(NMA)(红色)及游离NMA的荧光光谱. (h) Zr6OTf-BTB在Zr K-edge的EXAFS数据拟合结果. 已获得参考文献[95]的转载许可, 版权所有© 2021 American Chemical SocietyFigure 9 (a) Postsynthetic activation of Zr6-BTB through formate exchange and triflation to strongly Lewis acidic Zr6OTf-BTB. (b) PXRD patterns of Zr6-BTB (red), Zr6OTf-BTB (blue), and the recovered MOF after MCR (green) compared with the simulated PXRD pattern (black). (c) TEM image of Zr6OTf-BTB. (d) HR-TEM image of Zr6OTf-BTB. (e, f) AFM topographies and height profiles of Zr6-BTB and Zr6OTf-BTB. (g) Fluorescence spectra of Zr6OTf-BTB-(NMA) (blue), Zr6-BTB-(NMA) (red), and free NMA. (h) Fitting of Zr6OTf-BTB EXAFS data at the Zr K-edge. Reprinted with permission from ref. [95]. Copy right © 2021 American Chemical Society |
3 溶剂辅助配体交换策略用于锆基MOF后修饰
图11 (a) PSE方法示意图. (b) UiO-68-M和UiO-68-M-M'催化的不对称有机转化反应. 已获得参考文献[110]的转载许可, 版权所有© 2018 American Chemical Society. (c)通过PSD和PSE合成UiO-66-CAT. 已获得参考文献[111]的转载许可, 版权所有© 2014 American Chemical SocietyFigure 11 (a) Schematic representation of the PSE approach. (b) Asymmetric organic transformations catalyzed by UiO-68-M and UiO-68-M-M'. Reprinted with permission from ref. [110]. Copy right © 2018 American Chemical Society. (c) Synthesis of UiO-66-CAT via PSD and PSE. Reprinted with permission from ref. [111]. Copy right © 2014 American Chemical Society |