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0 26070258 - 26070258

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6023/A26070258

Review

Advances in Synthesizing High-Silica Small-Crystal Zeolite Y

  • Chen Xuejiao ,
  • Liu Xiaoqi ,
  • Wei Linjiao ,
  • Bai Peng ,
  • Yan Zifeng
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  • aState Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China;
    bShandong Key Laboratory of Green Electricity & Hydrogen Science and Technology, Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, Dongying 257061, China

Received date: 2026-07-22

  Online published: 2026-08-27

Supported by

National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22372197, 22478431), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFA1503400).

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Abstract

Small-crystal (<1 μm), particularly nano-sized (<100 nm) zeolite Y hold immense commercial potential in petroleum refining and related fields, owing to their unique topological structures and superior catalytic performance. However, synergistically optimizing crystallite size and framework silicon-to-aluminum ratio (SAR, SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio) at nanoscale to balance efficient mass transfer with high hydrothermal stability remains a core scientific challenge. This article focuses on the synthesis strategies for high-silica small-crystal and nano-sized zeolite Y, the mechanisms of post-synthesis dealumination, and the impacts on material properties. A comparative analysis of direct synthesis and post-treatment modification reveals that direct synthesis is constrained by nucleation kinetics and economic feasibility, whereas post-treatment dealumination remains the predominant industrial approach for achieving high SAR. Furthermore, this review provides an in-depth analysis of the microscopic reaction mechanisms underlying high-temperature steam-induced skeletal restructuring, isomorphous substitution via SiCl4 vapor, and the liquid-phase dealumination-silicon replacement process utilizing NH4SiF6. However, post-treatment of nanocrystals presents specific challenges: high-temperature steam treatment can readily induce particle sintering and structural collapse. Although the vapor-phase super-stabilization method offers high silicon-incorporation efficiency, it imposes stringent requirements on equipment due to the corrosive nature of SiCl4. Similarly, the ammonium fluorosilicate method often suffers from pore blockage and surface silicon enrichment due to the kinetic imbalance between dealumination and silica replacement. Additionally, this article systematically elucidates the dual effects of the dealumination process on the physicochemical properties of zeolites. Specifically, moderate dealumination can induce anisotropic contraction of unit cell parameters and enhance acid strength, whereas excessive dealumination tends to generate structural defects and extra-framework aluminum (EFAL) species. Therefore, future research should focus on precisely controlling dealumination kinetics and regulating the crystallization process of nano-sized zeolite Y. This will facilitate the synergistic optimization of crystallite size and hydrothermal stability, ultimately advancing the industrial application of high-silica nano-sized zeolite Y.

Key words： nanosized zeolite Y; high silica-alumina ratio; dealumination mechanism; hydrothermal stability

Cite this article

Chen Xuejiao , Liu Xiaoqi , Wei Linjiao , Bai Peng , Yan Zifeng . Advances in Synthesizing High-Silica Small-Crystal Zeolite Y[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 0 : 26070258 -26070258 . DOI: 10.6023/A26070258

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