1 引言
2 结果与讨论
2.1 形貌与结构表征
图1 (a) NS-C@Bi-X复合材料合成示意图. NS-C@Bi-800的形貌与组成分析: (b) SEM图像, (c) TEM图像, (d) HRTEM图像, (e) HAADF图像, (f~i) C、Bi、S、N元素分布图Figure 1 (a) Schematic illustration of the synthetic process of NS-C@Bi-X. Morphological and compositional analyses of the NS-C@Bi-800: (b) SEM image, (c) TEM image, (d) HRTEM image, (e) HAADF image, (f~i) The corresponding EDS mapping of C, Bi, S and N elements |
图2 (a) XRD图谱, (b) TGA曲线, (c) N2吸附-脱附等温线, (d) 孔径分布曲线, (e) XPS全谱图, (f~i) NS-C@Bi-800复合材料的C 1s、Bi 4f、N 1s 和 S 2p谱图Figure 2 (a) XRD patterns, (b) TGA curves, (c) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, (d) pore size distribution curves, (e) XPS full spectra, (f~i) C 1s, Bi 4f, N 1s, and S 2p core spectra of the NS-C@Bi-800 |
2.2 半电池性能测试
图3 不同样品的(a) 1 A•g-1下的充放电曲线, (b) 倍率性能, (c) 1 A•g-1下的长循环性能, (d) 不同Bi基负极性能对比的雷达图Figure 3 (a) Charge-discharge curves at 1 A•g-1, (b) rate performance, (c) long-term cycling performance at 1 A•g-1 of different samples, (d) Radar chart for comparing the performance of different Bi-based anodes |
2.3 组成结构对倍率性能的影响机制分析
图4 NS-C@Bi-X 的 (a) 总氮/硫含量对比, (b) 基于N 1s谱图的氮构型相对占比, (c) 奈奎斯特谱图, (d) 30 mA•g-1下测得GITT曲线的Na+扩散系数Figure 4 (a) Comparison of total nitrogen/sulfur content, (b) relative proportion of nitrogen configuration based on N 1s core spectra, (c) Nyquist plots, (d) the Na+ diffusion coefficients obtained from GITT curves at 30 mA•g-1 |
图5 NS-C@Bi-X的储钠动力学分析: (a), (d), (g) 不同扫速下的CV曲线; (b), (e), (h)基于CV曲线的logv与logi之间的拟合线性关系; (c), (f), (i)扩散与电容行为的贡献比例.Figure 5 Sodium storage kinetics analysis of NS-C@Bi-X: (a), (d), (g) CV curves at different scan rates; (b), (e), (h) fitted linear relationships between logv and logi based on CV curves; (c), (f), (i) contribution ratios of diffusion and capacitive behaviors |
2.4 全电池性能评估
图6 (a) NS-C@Bi-800//Na、NS-C@Bi-800//NVP、NVP//Na在0.1 A•g-1下的充放电曲线; NS-C@Bi-800//NVP全电池: (b) 倍率性能, (c) 0.1 A•g-1下全电池NS-C@Bi-800//NVP的循环性能Figure 6 (a) Charge-discharge curves of NS-C@Bi-800//Na, NS-C@Bi-800//NVP, and NVP//Na at 0.1 A•g-1; (b) rate performance and (c) cycling performance at 0.1 A•g-1 of the NS-C@Bi-800//NVP full cell |