Based on the strategy of scaffold hopping molecular design, eight novel β-naphthol Betti bases Ia~Ih were synthesized through a one-pot Betti reaction of β-naphthol, heterocyclic aldehydes, and different types of amines. Fourteen novel dihydronaphthoxazine (thio) ketone derivatives IIa~IIn were further obtained via the cyclization of the synthesized Betti bases. The bioassay results showed that some of the compounds exhibited good insecticidal activity at 200 mg•L^－1 with lethality rates of 80%~100% and 40%~100% against Plutella xylostella L. and Mythimna separata Walker, respectively. Overall, the Betti bases 1-((3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)(isobutylamino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol (Ia) and 1- (((4-fluorophenyl)amino)(2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol (If), and the cyclized derivatives 1-(3-bromo- 1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-isobutyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-naphtho[1,2-e][1,3]oxazin-3-one (IIa), 1-(3-bromo-1-(3- chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-isobutyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-naphtho[1,2-e][1,3]oxazine-3-thione (IIc) and 1-(3-bromo- 1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-3H-naphtho[1,2-e][1,3]oxazine-3-thione (IIk) possess favorable insecticidal potentials and deserve further investigation. The structure-activity relationship of the compounds was analyzed and discussed in detail. The results of this study provide useful reference and guidance for the molecular design of new pesticides based on phenolic derivatives.