1 S1PC的物理化学性质、分布提纯及合成方法
1.1 S1PC的物理化学性质
1.2 S1PC的分布及提纯
1.3 S1PC的合成方法
1.3.1 化学合成
1.3.2 生物合成
2 大蒜及其制剂中含硫化合物的分析检测方法
3 S1PC的药物化学生物学研究
3.1 抗高血压
表1 SHR口服S1PC后血浆中代谢产物水平的变化Table 1 Changes in plasma levels of metabolites after oral administration of S1PC in SHR |
| Metabolite | Control vs WKYa | S1PC vs Controla |
|---|---|---|
| Betaine | ↑↑b | ↓ |
| Tryptophan | ↓↓ | ↑↑ |
| LysoPC (16∶0) | ↓↓ | ↑↑ |
| LysoPC (18∶3) | ↓↓ | ↑↑ |
| LysoPC (20∶4) | ↓↓ | ↑ |
| 3-(Acetyloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl icosanoate | ↑ | ↓↓ |
| Caproic acid | ↑↑ | ↓ |
a WKY rats and the control SHR group received oral administration of distilled water once daily for 10 weeks; the S1PC group received oral administration of 6.5 mg per kilogram body weight once daily for 10 weeks. b ↑: up-regulated (p<0.05), ↑↑: up-regulated (p<0.01), ↓: down-regulated (p<0.05), ↓↓: down- regulated (p<0.01). |
3.2 抗炎活性
3.3 调节免疫系统
3.4 药代动力学
表2 大鼠和犬在口服给药后的药代动力学参数Table 2 Pharmacokinetic parameters after oral administration in rats and dogs |
| Animal | Compound | T1/2/h | cmaxc/(mg•L-1) | BA/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rat | S1PCa | 0.56±0.072 | 4.2±0.92 | 88.0 |
| Dog | S1PCb | 5.6±0.58 | 2.0±0.22 | 100 |
a The oral dose is 5 mg per kilogram of body weight. b The oral dose is 2 mg per kilogram of body weight. c Maximum blood concentration. |
图式9 S1PC在(A)大鼠和(B)犬中的代谢途径Scheme 9 Metabolic pathways of S1PC in (A) rats and (B) dogs |
表3 大鼠和犬在口服和静脉注射S1PC后S1PC、NAc-S1PC、NAc-S1PC的尿液和胆汁排泄参数Table 3 Urine and biliary excretion parameters of S1PC, NAc-S1PC and NAc-S1PC in rats and dogs after oral and intravenous S1PC administration |
| Animal | Excreta | Excretiona/% of dose | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S1PC | NAc-S1PC | NAc-S1PCS | Total | |||
| Ratb | Urine | i.v. | 2.2±0.42 | 73±2.8 | 13±1.1 | 88±2.2 |
| Oral | 3.1±1.5 | 69±1.4 | 15±1.2 | 87±1.2 | ||
| Bile | i.v. | 0.35±0.15 | 0.26±0.18 | 0.01±0.01 | 0.62±0.34 | |
| Oral | 0.10±0.04 | 0.22±0.06 | 0.02±0.004 | 0.34±0.09 | ||
| Dogc | Urine | i.v. | 0.21±0.06 | 0.86±0.44 | 2.3±1.2 | 3.4±1.7 |
| Oral | 0.22±0.14 | 0.62±0.34 | 3.3±2.4 | 4.2±2.7 | ||
a Twenty-four hours after administration in rats and forty-eight hours after administration in dogs, the excretion of S1PC, NAc-S1PC and NAc-S1PC in urine or bile (expressed as percentage of molar dose). b The single oral or injectable dose is 5 mg per kilogram of body weight. c The single oral or injectable dose is 2 mg per kilogram of body weight. |