REVIEW

Structural Modifications, Structure-Activity Relationships, and Total Synthesis Advances in Erythromycin Analogs against Resistant Pathogens

  • 崔心怡 ,
  • 郭丽帆 ,
  • 马聪璇 ,
  • 李耘 ,
  • 梁建华
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  • aKey Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488
    bInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034

Received date: 2025-08-08

  Revised date: 2025-09-05

  Online published: 2025-09-18

Supported by

National Natural Science Foundation of CHINA (No. 22577009) and Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2024YFHZ0046) and Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF (GZC20252723).

Abstract

Macrolide antibiotics (Macrolide) as clinically important and widely used drugs, by virtue of its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and excellent therapeutic efficacy, such as erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin, the essential medicines recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, the emergence of bacterial resistance has significantly reduced their antibacterial efficacy, leaving the treatment of numerous diseases facing a dilemma of no effective drugs available. In particular, macrolide antibiotics, the 3rd-generation telithromycin and 4th-generation solithromycin included, are difficult to exert therapeutic effects against infectious diseases caused by constitutive erm-carrying Staphylococcus aureus, constitutive erm-carrying Streptococcus pyogenes, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae with A2058 mutation. To overcome the problem of bacterial resistance to macrolide antibiotics and further enhance their antibacterial activity against drug-resistant bacteria, researchers have carried out extensive studies on new structures. This review takes the development history of macrolide antibiotics as a chronological framework, systematically summarizing the research progress of these drugs against drug-resistant bacteria from 2013 to 2024. It focuses on elaborating the structure-activity relationships of new structures, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and total synthesis strategies of non-natural macrolides, and summarizes the key breakthroughs of 5th-generation macrolide antibiotics in combating bacterial resistance. This review will provide guidance for subsequent drug design, research on resistance mechanisms, and the development of novel antibacterial strategies.

Cite this article

崔心怡 , 郭丽帆 , 马聪璇 , 李耘 , 梁建华 . Structural Modifications, Structure-Activity Relationships, and Total Synthesis Advances in Erythromycin Analogs against Resistant Pathogens[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 0 : 0 . DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202506020

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