1 结果与讨论
1.1 CNx@mSiO2的表征
1.1.1 氮气吸附-脱附分析
1.1.2 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和拉曼光谱分析
1.2 Nb2O5/CNx@mSiO2的表征
1.2.1 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析
图3 Nb2O5/CNx@mSiO2的SEM图像(A), 低分辨的TEM图像(B, C)和HRTEM图像(D)Figure 3 SEM image (A), low-resolution TEM images (B, C) and HRTEM image (D) of Nb2O5/CNx@mSiO2 |
1.2.2 X射线衍射(XRD)分析
1.2.3 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和电感耦合等离子 体-发射光谱(ICP-OES)分析
1.2.4 热重(TG)和氨气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)分析
1.3 催化反应研究
1.3.1 溶剂种类对反应的影响
表1 溶剂种类对Nb2O5/CNx@mSiO2催化环戊烯环氧化性能的影响aTable 1 Solvent-affected performances of Nb2O5/CNx@mSiO2 for the epoxidation of cyclopentene |
| Solvent | Conv./% | Selectivity/% | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||
| DMF | 56.7 | 42.7 | 54.8 | 1.4 | 1.1 |
| MeCN | 90.5 | 74.4 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 10.2 |
| EtOH | 89.5 | 81.5 | 1.8 | 6.6 | 10.1 |
| t-BuOH | 72.3 | 83.2 | 2.5 | 5.7 | 8.6 |
| Acetone | 95.4 | 89.0 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4.0 |
a Experiment condition: catalyst (50 mg), CPE (10 mmol), solvent (5 mL), H2O2 (30 mmol), 35 ℃, 6 h. |
1.3.2 丙酮用量对反应的影响
1.3.3 催化剂用量对反应的影响
1.3.4 过氧化氢用量对反应的影响
1.3.5 温度对反应的影响
1.3.6 时间对反应的影响
1.3.7 催化剂的循环使用
1.3.8 催化性能对比分析
表2 不同催化剂催化环戊烯环氧化反应aTable 2 Epoxidation of cyclopentene catalyzed by different catalysts |
| Entry | Catalyst | Conv./% | Sel./% |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nb2O5 | 17.1 | 58.6 |
| 2 | Nb2O5/CNx | 56.6 | 84.4 |
| 3 | Nb2O5/mSiO2 | 84.1 | 89.2 |
| 4 | Nb2O5/CNx@mSiO2b | 94.0 | 92.1 |
| 5 | Nb2O5/CNx@mSiO2c | 76.2 | 94.9 |
| 6 | Nb2O5/CNx@mSiO2d | 66.7 | 94.7 |
a Experiment condition: catalyst (50 mg), CPE (10 mmol), acetone (5 mL), H2O2 (30 mmol), 35 ℃, 4 h. b Niobium chloride as niobium source. c Niobium ammonium oxalate as niobium source. d Niobium oxalate as niobium source. |
表3 与文献报道的催化剂的催化性能比较Table 3 Catalytic performance comparison of catalysts reported before in the literatures |
| Entry | Catalyst | Experiment condition | Conv./% | Sel./% | Recycle number | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Co@MCM(F) | MeCN, 60 ℃, 3 h | 45.2 | 80.7 | 1 | [3] |
| 2 | R-Ti-MWW-PI | MeCN, 60 ℃, 2 h | 97.8 | 99.9 | 6 | [4] |
| 3 | TS-1_P-0.05K | MeOH, 40 ℃, 2 h | 52.0 | 98.2 | 5 | [5] |
| 4 | Mg0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 | 1,4-Dioxane, 60 ℃, 8 h | 95.2 | 96.3 | 5 | [34] |
| 5 | SBA-15-ImCl-PF6-W | No solvent, 35 ℃, 3 h | 53.0 | 99.0 | 7 | [35] |
| 6 | Nb2O5/CNx@mSiO2 | Acetone, 35 ℃, 4 h | 94.0 | 92.1 | 3 | This work |



