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化学学报
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化学学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 68 ›› Issue (07): 623-632. 上一篇    下一篇

研究论文

(H2＋CO＋CH4＋Air)多元爆炸性混合气体爆炸形态与波形的区划

胡锐1，吴小华2，胡耀元*,1   

  1. (1浙江师范大学基建处 金华 321004)
    (2浙江师范大学化学系 金华 321004)
  • 投稿日期:2009-05-21 修回日期:2009-09-27 发布日期:2010-04-14
  • 通讯作者: 胡耀元 E-mail:chuyy@mail.zjnu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    浙江省自然科学基金资助项目（295001）

Compartmentalization of Explosive Morphology and Waveforms of Multicomponent Gas Mixture Consisting of H2, CO, CH4 and Air

Hu Rui1 Wu Xiaohua2 Hu Yaoyuan*,1   

  1. (1 Capital Construction Office of Zhejiang Normal University, Jinghua 321004)
    (2 Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinghua 321004)
  • Received:2009-05-21 Revised:2009-09-27 Published:2010-04-14

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对H2, CO, CH4多元体系支链爆炸的爆炸特性与形态进行了系统的研究. 探索了浓度爆炸极限、爆炸形态与波形及其影响因素; 测定了爆炸危险度、火焰蔓延极限、最小点火能等爆炸特性参数; 根据爆炸形态与波形的不同, 提出了爆炸形态与波形的新区划理念, 在爆炸极限内, 可进一步区划为上下限冷焰区、上下限爆燃区、爆轰区、下爆燃向爆轰转化区等6个爆炸形态区, 并探讨了不同爆炸形态压力波的发展机制, 对进一步研究相关的多元支链爆炸体系, 促进多元支链爆炸理论的发展, 具有一定的理论价值. 实验测得的爆炸危险度、火焰蔓延极限、最小点火能等特性参数, 与引进 关键组分 的概念, 对预防混合气体支链爆炸事故的发生, 指导防爆电气设备与阻火器设计, 修订相关工业的安全指标, 指导支链燃烧与支链爆炸的实践, 具有积极的现实意义.

关键词: 支链爆炸, 浓度爆炸极限, 爆炸形态, 爆炸波形, 关键组分, 防爆安全指标

Systematic studies were carried out to investigate the explosion characteristics and morphology of the multicomponent explosive gas mixture (H2, CO, CH4 and Air). The explosive limits of concentration, explosive morphology, explosive pressure waveforms and their influence factors were investigated. The explosive danger degree, the flame spreading limit, the minimum ignition energy and other explosive characteristics of the multicomponent explosive gas mixture were determined by experiments. Based on the various explosive morphologies and their pressure waveforms obtained, a new scientific compartmentalization of explosive morphology for the multicomponent explosive gas mixture was proposed for the first time. Within the explosive limits, the explosive morphology can be further compartmentalized into four kinds of explosive morphologies (cold flame, deflagration, detonation and deflagration to detonation transition) and six explosive zones (the upper and lower cold flame zones, the upper and lower deflagration zones, the detonation zone and the lower deflagration to detonation transition zone). The different mechanisms for developing the pressure waves of the explosive morphology were explored. Such knowledge is valuable for further studying the relevant system of branched-chain explosion and developing the theory of branched-chain explosion. The explosive danger degree, the flame spreading limit, the minimum ignition energy and other explosive characteristics of the multicomponent explosive gas mixture were obtained, which are helpful for instituting the explosion-proof safety guidelines for the multicomponent explosive gas mixture discussed. This study also introduced the concept of “key components” and points out that it is the key components of H2 and oxidant O2 that ignite explosion. The references and methods for developing the explosion-proof safety guidelines were proposed. The results will be of significance in preventing accidents caused by mixture gas branched-chain explosion, giving directions to designing of explosion-proof electric equipment and fire arresters, supervising the application of the concepts of branched-chain burning and branched-chain explosion to practice.

Key words: branched chain explosion, explosive limit of concentration, explosive morphology, explosive waveform, key component, the explosion-proof safety guideline