关键词: 不对称有机催化, 烯丙基烷基化, Morita-Baylis-Hillman碳酸酯, 环状N-磺酰亚胺, 2-氧化吲哚, 季碳手性中心, 2-吲哚酮-3,4'-哌啶环

Enantiomerically pure 3,3-disubstituted 2-oxindoles are important building blocks for the synthesis of diverse oxindoles which are the core structure of many natural products and biologically active compounds. A number of asymmetric reactions to access such chiral materials have been reported over the past years, most of which rely on the application of nucleophilic 3-subsituted oxindoles. Although these methods have been proved to be useful, some challenging issues still remain in terms of efficiency, stereoselectivity and substrate scope. On the other hand, recently, we have developed some highly stereoselective allylic alkylation reactions with Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) carbonates of isatins and diverse nucleophiles, to produce 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles under the catalysis of metal-free Lewis basic tertiary amines. In this work, the first asymmetric assembly of MBH carbonates of isatins and cyclic N-sulfonylimines is reported. An array of tertiary amine catalysts derived from β-isocupreidine (β-ICD) and a variety of reaction parameters have been systematically investigated, and the optimized conditions were determined to run the reaction at -20 ℃ using PhCF₃ as the solvent, 4 Å MS as the additive, in the presence of 10 mol% of amine catalyst 1h. A number of MBH carbonates 2 derived from diversely substituted isatins and cyclic N-sulfonylimines 3 could be well tolerated under the established catalytic conditions, providing an alternative electrophilic pathway to access multifunctional oxindoles bearing adjacent quaternary and tertiary stereogenic centers (up to 86% ee, dr＞95∶5) in high yield (up to 96%). Moreover, the thus obtained chiral 3,3-disubstituted 2-oxindole could be used for the synthesis of complex spirocyclic 2-oxindole-3,4'-piperidine product. In this case, the chemoselective reduction of imine group of allylic alkylation product 4a has been realized by using NaBH₄ as the reducing reagent at -20 ℃. A following intramolecular aza-Michael addition reaction gave a 2-oxindole-3,4'-piperidine product 6 in a moderate yield.

Key words: asymmetric organocatalysis, allylic alkylation, Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates, cyclic N-sulfonylimines, 2-oxindoles, quaternary chiral centre, 2-oxindole-3,4'-piperidine