基于非基因工程的细胞膜受体蛋白可视化成像

doi:10.6023/A24120363

化学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 83 ›› Issue (3): 299-308.DOI: 10.6023/A24120363 上一篇下一篇

综述

基于非基因工程的细胞膜受体蛋白可视化成像

周淼淼^a, 曹浩文^a, 杨心怡^a, 任心怡^a, 姚峰^a^,^b^,^*(), 何磊良^a^,^*()

a 郑州大学公共卫生学院郑州 450001
b 中国铁路南昌局集团有限公司南昌疾病预防控制所南昌 330003

投稿日期:2024-12-03 发布日期:2025-01-23

作者简介:

周淼淼, 2000年9月出生, 安徽阜阳人, 自2022年9月起加入郑州大学公共卫生学院何磊良课题组从事硕士研究工作. 主要研究方向涉及细胞膜蛋白靶向降解.

曹浩文, 2002年7月出生, 安徽阜阳人, 自2024年9月起加入郑州大学公共卫生学院何磊良课题组从事硕士研究工作, 主要研究方向涉及核酸探针设计与生物传感.

杨心怡, 2001年10月出生, 山东潍坊人, 自2024年9月起加入郑州大学公共卫生学院何磊良课题组从事硕士研究工作, 主要研究方向涉及核酸探针设计与生物传感.

任心怡, 2002年12月出生, 山西汾阳人, 自2024年9月起加入郑州大学公共卫生学院何磊良课题组从事硕士研究工作, 主要研究方向涉及核酸探针设计与生物传感.

姚峰, 1997年10月出生, 江西宜春人, 自2021年9月起加入郑州大学公共卫生学院何磊良课题组从事硕士研究工作, 主要研究方向涉及细胞膜蛋白寡聚化成像.

何磊良, 教授, 2015年于湖南大学获博士学位, 何磊良教授目前在郑州大学公共卫生学院进行研究工作, 主要研究兴趣包括肿瘤液体活检及单细胞分析与调控.

基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(82373630); 国家自然科学基金(82073606); 河南省本科高校青年骨干教师项目(2023GGJS009)

Visualization Imaging of Cell Membrane Receptor Proteins Based on Non-genetic Engineering Approaches

Miaomiao Zhou^a, Haowen Cao^a, Xinyi Yang^a, Xinyi Ren^a, Feng Yao^a^,^b(), Leiliang He^a()

a College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
b Nanchang Disease Prevention and Control Institute, China Railway Nanchang Bureau Group Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330003, China

Received:2024-12-03 Published:2025-01-23
Contact: ^*E-mail: yaofeng202166@163.com; hell2015@zzu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundations of China(82373630); National Natural Science Foundations of China(82073606); training grant of Henan Province for Young Backbone Teachers(2023GGJS009)

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摘要/Abstract

细胞膜受体蛋白是介导细胞与外界环境交流的重要媒介, 其表达量或行为的改变预示机体某些生理或病理过程的启动. 传统的基因工程蛋白成像策略涉及基因操纵, 其基因修饰会干扰细胞内的其它生物学过程, 且存在不可预测等局限性. 然而, 非基因工程蛋白成像策略往往具有简便、可程序化设计、易于调控等优势, 已被广泛用于细胞膜受体蛋白的成像研究. 本文首先综述了非基因工程蛋白成像用于细胞类型的辨别, 其识别策略包括逻辑门探针、荧光共振能量转移(FRET)探针、结构约束杂交探针和信号标签; 其次, 总结了该蛋白成像模式在细胞膜受体蛋白相互作用及空间分布分析成像的应用; 最后对该领域面临的挑战及未来的发展方向进行了展望.

关键词: 细胞膜受体蛋白, 非基因工程, 可视化成像, 细胞类型辨别, 受体二聚化, 空间分布分析

Cell membrane receptor proteins are important mediators for communication between cells and the external environment. Changes in their expression levels or behavior may indicate the initiation of certain physiological or pathological processes in the body, and many cell membrane receptor proteins have been used as a basis for identifying different cell populations or subtypes and as targets for targeted therapy. Traditional genetic engineering protein imaging strategies involve genetic manipulation, which may interfere with other biological processes within the cell and have unpredictable limitations. Therefore, non-genetic engineering protein imaging strategies have gained significant attention in tumor visualization imaging research, mainly due to their notable characteristics, including simplicity, programmable design, and ease of regulation, and have been widely used in the imaging studies of cell membrane receptor proteins. This review comprehensively summarizes the use of non-genetic engineering strategies for cell membrane receptor protein imaging. It includes the design of logical gate probes, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes, structurally constrained hybridization probes, and signal tags for cell type identification; secondly, it summarizes the application of this protein imaging mode in the interaction of cell membrane receptor proteins, where receptor dimerization in the interaction of membrane receptor proteins is the first step in receptor activation and cell communication, and the visualization of membrane receptor dimerization is achieved by designing DNA probe systems and fluorescent sensors. Additionally, this review covers the application of spatial distribution analysis imaging of cell membrane receptor proteins, achieving nanometer-level spatial distribution imaging of membrane receptors through single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) and point accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (PAINT); finally, it looks forward to the challenges faced in this field and future development directions. With advancements in DNA nanotechnology, imaging technology, and bioinformatics, future research on non-genetic engineering strategies could provide higher resolution and more in-depth imaging of cell membrane receptor proteins, thereby offering more innovative pathways for in-depth study of intercellular communication mechanisms.

Key words: cell membrane receptor proteins, non-genetic engineering, visualization imaging, cell type identification, receptor dimerization, spatial distribution analysis

引用此文

周淼淼, 曹浩文, 杨心怡, 任心怡, 姚峰, 何磊良. 基于非基因工程的细胞膜受体蛋白可视化成像[J]. 化学学报, 2025, 83(3): 299-308.

Miaomiao Zhou, Haowen Cao, Xinyi Yang, Xinyi Ren, Feng Yao, Leiliang He. Visualization Imaging of Cell Membrane Receptor Proteins Based on Non-genetic Engineering Approaches[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2025, 83(3): 299-308.

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图/表 6

图1. 基于逻辑门识别膜受体用于细胞类型辨别 (A)基于多个适配体的逻辑运算的关联趾端激活机制来识别不同癌细胞亚型[32]; (B)基于双适配体(sgc8c/sgc4f)作为识别分子的DNA-逻辑门纳米机器人(DNA-TP), 通过双特异性识别和逻辑运算实现精确的癌细胞识别[33]; (C)基于可编程模块构建的DNA纳米机器人(pH-RE)同时识别细胞外pH和癌细胞膜受体[35]

Figure 1. Logical gate-based recognition of membrane receptors for cell type identification (A) A mechanism of associative toehold activation based on multiple aptamers for logical operations to identify different cancer cell subtypes[32]; (B) A DNA logic gate nanorobot (DNA-TP) based on dual aptamers (sgc8c/sgc4f) as recognition molecules, achieving precise cancer cell identification through dual-specificity recognition and logical operations[33]; (C) A DNA nanorobot (pH-RE) constructed from programmable modules that simultaneously recognizes extracellular pH and cancer cell membrane receptors[35]

图2. 基于FRET识别膜受体用于细胞类型辨别 (A)基于HCR链扩增和FRET信号放大用于细胞膜表面同源/异源二聚体的可视化成像[38]; (B)基于HCR的多荧光共振能量转移(multi-FRET)用于细胞膜受体糖基化成像[40]; (C)基于FRET荧光信号开关和竞争荧光擦除策略用于细胞膜受体糖基化成像[41]

Figure 2. FRET for membrane receptor recognition in cell type identification (A) Hybridization chain reaction (HCR) amplification and FRET signal amplification for the visualization of homodimer/heterodimer on the cell membrane surface[38]; (B) HCR-based multi-F?rster Resonance Energy Transfer (multi-FRET) for imaging of cell membrane receptor glycosylation[40]; (C) FRET fluorescence signal switch and competitive fluorescence erasure strategy for imaging of cell membrane receptor glycosylation[41]

图3. 基于结构约束杂交探针识别膜受体用于细胞类型辨别 (A)一种pH响应的可激活式探针(pH-APP)用于细胞膜受体识别[47]; (B)级联多组结构约束荧光信号探针用于细胞膜受体二聚化的高灵敏成像[48]

Figure 3. Structurally constrained hybridization probes for membrane receptor recognition in cell type identification (A) A pH-responsive activatable probe (pH-APP) for cell membrane receptor recognition[47]; (B) Cascade multiple structurally constrained fluorescence signal probes for highly sensitive imaging of cell membrane receptor dimerization[48]

图4. 基于信号标签识别膜受体用于细胞类型辨别 (A)通过在SNAP-tag底物苯甲基鸟嘌呤(BG)上引入带电的磺酸基(“SBG”)来标记活细胞质膜中的SNAP融合蛋白, 实现细胞膜蛋白成像[62]; (B)一种光裂解肽标记质量探针, 通过探针结合、光裂解释放报告肽来实现细胞膜受体HER2成像和质谱定量[66]

Figure 4. Signal tag-based recognition of membrane receptors for cell type identification (A) A method for imaging cell membrane proteins by labeling SNAP fusion proteins in the live cell plasma membrane through the introduction of a charged sulfonate group (“SBG”) on the SNAP-tag substrate benzylguanine (BG)[62]; (B) A photocleavable peptide-labeled mass probe for imaging and mass spectrometry quantification of the cell membrane receptor HER2, achieved through probe binding, photocleavage released reporter peptide[66]

图5. 膜受体相互作用的成像 (A)双面互动的DNA探针体系用于同时监测肿瘤细胞表面HER2/HER2同源二聚化和HER2/HER3异源二聚化[77]; (B)偶联尼罗河蓝(NB)的舒尼替尼衍生物探针选择性地插入癌细胞膜上的RTKs域口袋, 用于成像VEGFR-2二聚化[78]; (C)一种构象诱导的“关闭-开启”生物探针, 由舒尼替尼和芘连接而成, 能在受体蛋白酪氨酸激酶存在时恢复荧光, 用于成像VEGFR-2二聚化[79]; (D) scVEGF偶联荧光纳米金刚石(FND)靶向VEGFR, 实现膜受体-配体相互作用的成像[80]

Figure 5. Imaging of membrane receptor interactions (A) A two-faced interactive DNA probe system for simultaneous monitoring of HER2/HER2 homodimerization and HER2/HER3 heterodimerization on the surface of tumor cells[77]; (B) A Nile Blue (NB)-conjugated sunitinib derivative biosensor selectively inserts into the RTKs domain pockets on the cancer cell membrane for imaging VEGFR-2 dimerization[78]; (C) A conformationally induced "off-on" biosensor, composed of sunitinib and pyrene, that recovers fluorescence in the presence of receptor protein tyrosine kinases, for imaging VEGFR-2 dimerization[79]; (D) scVEGF-conjugated fluorescent nanodiamonds (FND) target VEGFR to achieve imaging of membrane receptor-ligand interactions[80]

图6. 膜受体空间分布成像 (A)利用适配体作为亲和探针的活细胞点积累(PAINT)技术, 通过适配体与靶标的瞬时结合来实现纳米级别的膜受体空间分布成像[86]; (B)超分辨显微镜和单分子FRET相结合用于识别和成像活细胞中由EGF激活诱导的ErbB1二聚体, 从而实时监测受体蛋白之间的相互作用[87]; (C)单分子定位超分辨成像(SMLM)技术和邻近依赖的DNA探针系统相结合的PD-PAINT方法用于检测和成像活细胞中蛋白对的空间分布[88]; (D)基于表面等离子体耦合发射(SPCE)策略构建SPCE基底增强单分子闪烁荧光来实现细胞膜蛋白的空间分布成像[89]

Figure 6. Imaging of membrane receptor spatial distribution (A) Aptamer-based live-cell PAINT technique for nanoscale imaging of membrane receptor spatial distribution through transient binding of aptamers to targets[86]; (B) Super-resolution microscopy combined with single-molecule FRET for the identification and imaging of EGF-activated ErbB1 dimers in living cells, enabling real-time monitoring of interactions between receptor proteins[87]; (C) The PD-PAINT method, which combines single-molecule localization super-resolution microscopy (SMLM) technology with a proximity-dependent DNA probe system, is used for detecting and imaging the spatial distribution of protein pairs in living cells[88]; (D) Surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) strategy for spatial distribution imaging of cell membrane proteins by enhancing single-molecule blinking fluorescence through the fabrication of SPCE substrates[89]

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基于非基因工程的细胞膜受体蛋白可视化成像

Visualization Imaging of Cell Membrane Receptor Proteins Based on Non-genetic Engineering Approaches

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