硅基限域稳定碳点三重态激子与室温磷光

doi:10.6023/A26010028

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硅基限域稳定碳点三重态激子与室温磷光

王鑫, 谭锋华, 唐晓凡, 段英琪, 宗思宇^*, 曾景斌^*

中国石油大学（华东）化学化工学院,化学品安全全国重点实验室,青岛 266580

投稿日期:2026-01-27
作者简介:王鑫，中国石油大学（华东）2023级博士研究生，目前专注于新型磷光材料的设计、合成与应用研究，致力于开发兼具长寿命、高量子效率及环境响应特性的碳点基磷光材料体系。谭锋华，中国石油大学（华东）2024级硕士研究生，目前专注于其研究聚焦于磷光碳点材料，通过精准的界面工程与复合策略增强其发光性能，并致力于探索该类材料在信息加密、高灵敏传感应用。唐晓凡，中国石油大学（华东）2025级博士研究生。目前研究主要致力于新型碳点磷光材料的开发及其在环境检测领域的应用，旨在构建高灵敏、高选择性的新型传感平台，用于环境中特定目标物的分析与监测。段英琪，中国石油大学（华东）2025级硕士研究生。目前研究聚焦于新型碳点磷光材料的开发，旨在构建高灵敏、高选择性传感平台，用于环境目标物的分析与监测。宗思宇博士于2025年获得吉林大学博士学位，同年加入中国石油大学（华东）化学化工学院曾景斌教授课题组。其主要研究方向为分子筛限域碳点磷光材料的可控制备与性能调控，致力于开发具有高效发光与稳定性的新型复合材料体系。目前已在 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.、Nano Lett. 等国际高水平期刊发表论文10余篇。曾景斌，中国石油大学（华东）化学化工学院教授、博士生导师、副院长，山东省有突出贡献的中青年专家，山东省杰出青年科学基金获得者，山东省泰山学者青年专家。2001年至2010年在厦门大学分析化学专业获得学士、博士学位；现任化学品安全全国重点实验室副主任。主要研究领域包括磷光分析、化学传感与纳米材料，致力于环境检测、生物医学分析及公共安全快速检测技术的开发与应用。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（No. 22476214）、山东省自然科学基金杰出青年基金项目（No. ZR2022JQ07）、山东省自然科学基金重大基础研究项目（No. ZR2025ZD25）、青岛市自然科学基金重点项目（No. 24-8-4-zrjj-9-jch）、中央高校基本科研业务费项目（No. 24CX03011A）和泰山学者青年专家项目（No. tsqn202211080）资助

Silicon Confinement Stabilizes Carbon Dot Triplet Excitons for Room-temperature Phosphorescence

Wang Xin, Tan Fenghua, Tang Xiaofan, Duan Yingqi, Zong Siyu^*, Zeng Jingbin^*

State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China

Received:2026-01-27
Contact: *E-mail: zongsiyu@upc.edu.cn; zengjb@upc.edu.cn
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of China (22476214), the Natural Scientific Foundation of Shandong (ZR2025ZD25, ZR2022JQ07), the Key Fundamental Project of Qingdao City (24-8-4-zrjj-9-jch), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (24CX03011A), and the Taishan Scholarship of Shandong Province (tsqn202211080).

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摘要/Abstract

室温磷光碳点应用前景广阔,但其三重态易被氧气、水分淬灭,应用受限。二氧化硅基质凭借刚性结构及表面可修饰性,为碳点提供稳定磷光平台,实现固态强磷光与水相分散性的统一。本文综述其设计策略与发光机制,重点介绍其在动态防伪、传感、时间门控成像及指纹识别中的集成应用。尽管效率与生物相容性仍存挑战,但与时间门控检测、多模态成像策略结合,正推动分析化学向智能化、便携化与诊疗一体化发展。

关键词: 二氧化硅限域, 碳点室温磷光, 三重态激子, 发光机制, 多功能分析应用

Room-temperature phosphorescent carbon dots (RTP-CDs) represent an emerging class of luminescent nanomaterials with vast potential in analytical science. However, their practical application is often limited by the susceptibility of triplet excitons to quenching by molecular oxygen, moisture, and other environmental factors, which typically restricts strong phosphorescence to rigid or deoxygenated matrices. To address this critical issue, silica matrices have been identified as an ideal host material. Their inherent rigid structure, excellent chemical stability, and highly tailorable surface properties provide an effective protective confinement for CDs. This rigid confinement effectively suppresses molecular vibrations and blocks the diffusion of quenchers, thereby significantly prolonging the lifetime of the phosphorescence. This confinement not only shields the triplet states from non-radiative decay pathways but also promotes efficient intersystem crossing and stable phosphorescence emission. Consequently, silica confinement successfully bridges the gap, enabling both intense solid-state phosphorescence and good dispersibility in aqueous environments. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in silica-confined CD-based RTP materials. It begins by systematically elucidating the fundamental design strategies, including in-situ synthesis, post-embedding, and surface functionalization methods, alongside the underlying photophysical mechanisms responsible for the enhanced and stabilized RTP. This unique combination of properties unlocks a wide spectrum of advanced analytical applications. The core of the article focuses on their innovative integrated applications, demonstrating their utility in dynamic anti-counterfeiting with multi-level encryption, highly selective sensing of ions and small molecules, time-gated bioimaging for enhanced signal-to-noise ratio, and high-contrast fingerprint recognition for forensic science. Despite significant progress, challenges remain in quantum yields, achieving target-specific selectivity, and ensuring long-term biocompatibility. Future development is directed towards the strategic convergence of these materials with advanced analytical paradigms, such as time-gated detection systems, ratiometric and multi-channel signaling, and multimodal imaging platforms. This synergistic integration is actively driving the field of analytical chemistry toward smarter, more portable devices and integrated theranostic systems, opening new frontiers for precise detection and visualization.

Key words: silica confinement, carbon dot room-temperature phosphorescence, luminescence mechanism, triplet excitons, multifunctional analytical applications

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王鑫, 谭锋华, 唐晓凡, 段英琪, 宗思宇, 曾景斌. 硅基限域稳定碳点三重态激子与室温磷光[J]. 化学学报, doi: 10.6023/A26010028.

Wang Xin, Tan Fenghua, Tang Xiaofan, Duan Yingqi, Zong Siyu, Zeng Jingbin. Silicon Confinement Stabilizes Carbon Dot Triplet Excitons for Room-temperature Phosphorescence[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, doi: 10.6023/A26010028.

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硅基限域稳定碳点三重态激子与室温磷光

Silicon Confinement Stabilizes Carbon Dot Triplet Excitons for Room-temperature Phosphorescence

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