化学学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 70 ›› Issue (23): 2433-2439.DOI: 10.6023/A12100834 上一篇    下一篇

研究论文

基于1,2,4-三氮唑衍生物的共轭聚合物的合成及其光伏性能

李新炜a, 赵斌b, 曹镇财a, 沈平a, 谭松庭c   

  1. a 湘潭大学化学学院与教育部环境友好化学与应用重点实验室 湘潭 411105;
    b 湖南省高校先进功能高分子材料重点实验室 湘潭 411105;
    c 高分子材料应用技术湖南省重点实验室 湘潭 411105
  • 投稿日期:2012-10-28 发布日期:2012-11-17
  • 通讯作者: 赵斌 E-mail: xtuzb@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    项目受国家自然科学基金(Nos. 50973092, 51003089), 教育部博士点基金(Nos. 20094301120005, 20104301110003), 湖南省高校创新平台开放基金(Nos. 12K049, 09K037)资助.

Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of Conjugated Polymers Based on 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives

Li Xinweia, Zhao Binb, Cao Zhengcaia, Shen Pinga, Tan Songtingc   

  1. a College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105;
    b Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymeric Materials of College of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105;
    c Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105
  • Received:2012-10-28 Published:2012-11-17
  • Supported by:

    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50973092, 51003089), Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Nos. 20094301120005, 20104301110003) and Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymeric Materials of College of Hunan Province (Nos. 12K049, 09K037).

以缺电子的1,2,4-三氮唑衍生物作为拉电子结构单元(A), 以富电子的噻吩或苯并二噻吩衍生物作为推电子结构单元(D), 通过Stille偶联聚合的方法, 合成了三种主链型D-A(推-拉电子结构)的交替共聚物PT-TZ, PB-TZ和PB-TTZT. 不同富电子结构单元可使其聚合物表现出不同的光物理性能和光伏性能. 嵌入较多的噻吩单元, 可有效增大聚合物主链的共轭长度, 拓宽其吸收光谱, 因此, 聚合物PB-TTZT的光伏性能明显优于另外两种聚合物. 以三种聚合物分别作为给体材料, 以PC61BM作为受体材料, 制备了聚合物太阳能电池(PSCs), 其中, 基于PB-TTZT的PSCs器件在AM 1.5 G模拟太阳光条件下的光电转换效率为1.18%.

关键词: 聚合物太阳能电池, D-A共聚物, 缺电子基团, 1,2,4-三氮唑衍生物, 苯并二噻吩衍生物

Polymer solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention due to their unique features, such as low cost, light weight, solution processibility, fast roll-to-roll production, and applications in large area flexible panels. High performance photovoltaic materials are usually low bandgap polymers, which are constructed as donor-acceptor (D-A) alternating copolymers, in order to better absorb solar energy. In the current work, three D-A conjugated polymers incorporating 1,2,4-triazole derivative as electron-withdrawing units and thiophene or benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene as electron-donating units have been synthesized. Their chemical structures of the corresponding intermediates and the polymers were confirmed with 1H NMR, GC-MS or MALDI-TOF. All the polymers are readily dissolved in chloroform, THF, and toluene at room temperature, and the heat resistance and thermal stability of the three polymers are good enough for the application of PSCs. In chloroform solution, polymer PT-TZ shows only a absorption peak at 384 nm corresponding to the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) interaction between thiophene unit and 1,2,4-triazole derivative. Whereas, polymers PB-TZ and PB-TTZT show three absorption peaks. The absorption peaks of PB-TZ and PB-TTZT in the UV region are attributed to the absorption of 1,2,4-triazole. Those in the visible region are ascribed to the π-π* transition derived from the polymer backbone and the ICT interaction respectively. Compared with PT-TZ and PB-TZ, the maximum absorption peak (λmax) of PB-TTZT is obviously red-shifted because of extending thiophene units in the conjugated main chain which increases effective conjugation of the main chain and broadens the absorption band. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels of three polymers are lower than -5.2 eV and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of them are higher than -3.8 eV, so these polymers are promising candidates for the effective applications of PSCs. The obvious two phase separation can be seen in the photoactive layer of PT-TZ and PC61BM (1:2, w/w), so the monochromatic incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) value of the PSC based on PT-TZ is very little. However, the photoactive layers of PB-TZ or PB-TTZT and PC61BM (1:2, w/w) just show micro phase separation which is favourable to diffusion of exciton, so the IPCE values of the PSCs based on them are obviously higher than that of PT-TZ. The bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic cells of the polymers were prepared and investigated by blending the polymers and PC61BM. The employed device structure was ITO/PEDOT:PSS (40 nm)/polymer:PC61BM (1:2, w/w)/LiF (0.7 nm)/Al (100 nm). Under the illumination of AM1.5 G, 100 mW/cm2, the BHJ devices based on PT-TZ, PB-TZ and PB-TTZT showed the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 0.01%, 0.20% and 1.18% respectively. The short-circuit current density (Jsc) and PCE value of the cell based on PB-TTZT is higher than that of PT-TZ and PB-TZ because of the red-shifted and broadened absorption band.

Key words: polymer solar cells, D-A conjugated copolymers, electron-deficient group, 1,2,4-triazole derivative, benzo[1,2- b:4,5-b']dithiophene derivative