有机-无机型杂多酸相转移催化氧化脱硫性能研究

doi:10.6023/A13080905

摘要/Abstract

合成了四种有机-无机型杂多酸催化剂，包括[π-C₅H₅NC₁₆H₃₃]₃[PW₄O₁₆]，[π-C₅H₅NC₁₆H₃₃]₃[PMo₄O₁₆]，[π-C₅H₅NC₁₂H₂₅]₃[PW₄O₁₆]和[π-C₅H₅NC₁₂H₂₅]₃[PMo₄O₁₆]. 以有机硫的正辛烷溶液为模拟油品，H₂O₂为氧化剂，乙腈为萃取剂，在两相体系中，考察了上述四种催化剂对模拟油品中二苯并噻吩(DBT)氧化脱硫的催化活性. 结果表明，[π-C₅H₅NC₁₆H₃₃]₃[PW₄O₁₆]具有最佳的催化活性. 采用[π-C₅H₅NC₁₆H₃₃]₃[PW₄O₁₆]进行后续研究发现，反应完毕，[π-C₅H₅NC₁₆H₃₃]₃[PW₄O₁₆]以沉淀的形式析出，可以重复利用且脱硫效果很好. 研究表明，上述有机-无机型杂多酸属于相转移催化剂，氧化脱硫反应体系属于反应控制相转移催化体系. 在相同实验条件下，由于电子云密度和空间位阻效应共同的作用，DBT、噻吩(TH)、苯并噻吩(BT)和4，6-二甲基二苯并噻吩(4，6-DMDBT)脱硫由易到难的顺序为DBT >4，6-DMDBT >BT >TH，并分别通过GC-MS分析确定它们的氧化产物. 将[π-C₅H₅NC₁₆H₃₃]₃[PW₄O₁₆]进一步应用于柴油氧化脱硫，其中硫含量由355 mg/kg (mg/kg等同于ppmw)降至26 mg/kg，去除率达92.7%. 利用上述四种有机-无机型杂多酸作催化剂，研究DBT氧化反应过程动力学，确定DBT的表观反应级数均为一级，表观活化能为47.9～55.4 kJ/mol.

关键词: 有机硫, 氧化脱硫, 有机-无机型杂多酸, 相转移催化剂

In this paper, organic-inorganic heteropolyacids were prepared, including [π-C₅H₅NC₁₆H₃₃]₃[PW₄O₁₆], [π-C₅H₅NC₁₆H₃₃]₃[PMo₄O₁₆], [π-C₅H₅NC₁₂H₂₅]₃[PW₄O₁₆] and [π-C₅H₅NC₁₂H₂₅]₃[PMo₄O₁₆]. The efficiency of oxidative desulfurization was investigated on the four kinds of catalysts under the same conditions using the simulated oil prepared by dissolving organo-sulfur in normal octane. The results show that the catalytic activity of [π-C₅H₅NC₁₆H₃₃]₃[PW₄O₁₆] is the best. The catalytic activity of these heteropolyacids was following the order of [π-C₅H₅NC₁₆H₃₃]₃[PW₄O₁₆]>[π-C₅H₅NC₁₂H₂₅]₃[PW₄O₁₆]>[π-C₅H₅NC₁₆H₃₃]₃[PMo₄O₁₆]>[π-C₅H₅NC₁₂H₂₅]₃[PMo₄O₁₆]. Under the optimal experimental conditions, pre-reaction time between H₂O₂ and the catalyst being 10 min, reaction temperature being 60 ℃, O/S molar ratio being 10, the amount of catalyst being 1 wt% of n-octane, and the catalyst being [π-C₅H₅NC₁₆H₃₃]₃[PW₄O₁₆], the dibenzothiophene (DBT) conversion was nearly 100% after 60 min. The catalyst [π-C₅H₅NC₁₆H₃₃]₃[PW₄O₁₆] can be reclaimed by auto precipitation due to the exhausting of H₂O₂. The results show that organic-inorganic heteropolyacids are phase transfer catalyst and oxidative desulfurization system belongs to the phase transfer catalysis system controlled by reaction. The catalytic activity of the recycled [π-C₅H₅NC₁₆H₃₃]₃[PW₄O₁₆] is almost the same as the fresh. Then, the efficiency of oxidative desulfurization was investigated with different simulated oils using DBT, thiophene (TH), benzothiophene (BT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT), respectively. Under the same conditions, the efficiencies of oxidative desulfurization decrease in the order of DBT>4,6-DMDBT>BT>TH, the result was influenced by electron density on the sulfur atoms and the steric hindrance. It showed that the final desulfurization product of TH, BT, DBT and 4,6-DMDBT was SO₄^2-,SO₄^2-, DBT sulphone and 4,6-DMDBT sulphone, respectively. [π-C₅H₅NC₁₆H₃₃]₃[PW₄O₁₆] used in desulfurization of the real diesel and the sulfur removal rate was 92.7%. The sulfur content was reduced from 355 mg/kg to 26 mg/kg. Furthermore, by studying the kinetics of DBT oxidation by H₂O₂, the reaction order was found to be 1st to DBT. The activation energy ranged from 47.9 kJ/mol to 55.4 kJ/mol by different organic-inorganic heteropolyacids. It indicates the reaction process is quite fast in ODS. The new type of catalysts has a broad development prospect in oil desulfurization.

Key words: organo-sulfur, oxidative desulfurization, organic-inorganic heteropolyacid, phase transfer catalyst

引用此文

于凤丽, 王睿. 有机-无机型杂多酸相转移催化氧化脱硫性能研究[J]. 化学学报, 2014, 72(1): 105-113.

Yu Fengli, Wang Rui. Study on Oxidative Desulfurization Catalyzed by Organic-inorganic Heteropolyacids as Phase Transfer Catalyst[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2014, 72(1): 105-113.

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