针对生物酶在固相载体负载后存在的催化活性与稳定性之间“此消彼长”的问题, 本工作采用“自牺牲模板”策略以铝基金属有机骨架材料(Al-MOF)为前驱体设计制备多级孔Al₂O₃ (MHAl₂O₃)材料, 再以“聚多巴胺(PDA)”仿生膜对材料表面进行功能化修饰后用以固载辣根过氧化物酶(HRP). 通过调节前驱体的煅烧温度来实现载体孔径大小的调控, 探讨了载体的孔道限域效应对固定化酶反应器催化活性的影响, 所得固定化酶反应器的热稳定性和重复使用性显著提高. 为了解析固定化酶反应器的构效关系, 采用酶动力学和热动力学参数研究了固定化酶反应器催化过程中酶与底物的相互作用, 结果表明固载后酶分子对底物的亲和性和专一性得到提升. 将固定化酶反应器用于模拟废水中苯胺黑药的催化降解时, 表现出非常高效的催化效率.

Although enzyme catalysis has many advantages such as green, high efficiency and so on, the industrial application of enzyme is often hampered by a lack of long-term operational stability and difficult to re-use. These drawbacks can generally be overcome by immobilization of the enzyme on a solid carrier. However, the immobilized enzyme reactor often can not remain all the initial catalytic activity due to the enzyme shedding during reuse, change of conformation and the difficulty for substrates to access the active site of enzyme in the carrier, etc. The contradiction between catalytic activity and stability of biological enzyme molecules supported on solid phase carriers has become a bottleneck in the design and preparation of immobilized enzyme reactors. Therefore, it is a challenging task to construct an immobilized enzyme reactor with both high catalytic activity and high stability. In this work, aluminum-based metal-organic framework (Al-MOF)-derived hierarchical porous Al₂O₃ (MHAl₂O₃) was prepared by the self-sacrificial template strategy and functionally modified with “polydopamine (PDA)” bionic membrane for entrapping horseradate peroxidase (HRP). The pore size was regulated by changing the calcination temperature of precursor. The influence of channel confinement effect of the carrier on the catalytic activity of the enzyme reactor was discussed, and the thermal stability and reusability of the HRP@PDA@MHAl₂O₃ was significantly improved. After 1 h at 70 ℃, 98.5% of the catalytic activity of HRP@PDA@MHAl₂O₃ could be maintained. After 10 times of reuse, 90.9% of the catalytic activity was still maintained. In order to analyze the structure-activity relationship of the enzyme reactor, the interaction between enzyme and substrate in the reaction catalyzed by HRP@PDA@MHAl₂O₃ was studied by means of enzyme kinetics and thermodynamic parameters, which showed that the affinity and specificity of the enzyme to the substrate were improved. When the enzyme reactor was applied to the catalytic degradation of aniline aerofloat in simulated wastewater, the degradation rate of 40 mg•L^-1 substrate in 30 min reached 82.7% under the best reaction conditions.