纸质文献和文物的保存与保护的核心问题是尽可能延长其寿命, 对纸质文献和文物定期进行脱酸是被广泛采用的延寿方法. 中国传统手工纸是古籍刷印和书画创作的重要介质, 但对其脱酸效果的评估研究却很缺乏. 本研究选取手工楮皮纸为研究对象, 基于预期寿命估算的结果, 对其脱酸有效性进行了综合评估. 楮皮纸干热老化过程的动力学分析表明, 楮皮纸降解遵循经典的一级降解动力学. 随后, 采用一级动力学和阿伦尼乌斯方程对脱酸前后楮皮纸的寿命进行了预测. 结果显示脱酸后楮皮纸的寿命提高到大约5倍. 因此, 即便是对于寿命已经很长的中国传统手工纸, 定期进行脱酸仍然可以大幅度延长其寿命. 此外, 本研究还对楮皮纸脱酸前后随老化时间变化的多个参数, 包括酸碱度、抗张指数、色差以及氧化度进行了测量与分析. 酸碱度和抗张指数的测试显示脱酸提高了纸张表面的pH值, 从而有效地抑制了纸张的酸化速率, 并减缓了抗张指数的下降. 分光测色仪和傅里叶变换红外光谱测试结果显示脱酸后楮皮纸的色差和氧化度略有增加. 显微镜和光学照片显示脱酸前后纤维形态基本保持一致. 研究结果可以推广到其他类型纸张的脱酸效果评价和寿命估算中, 为纸张脱酸有效性评价提供多角度和更为实用的方法和实验依据.

The core issue of the protection and preservation of paper documents and cultural relics is to prolong their lifetime as much as possible, and regular deacidification of paper documents and cultural relics is a widely used method for extend the lifetime. In recent years, there has been increasing attention on how to evaluate the effectiveness of deacidification. Chinese traditional handmade paper serves as an important medium for the printing of ancient books and the creation of calligraphy and painting, but there is a lack of research on the evaluation of its deacidification effect. This study selected handmade mulberry paper as the research object, and comprehensively evaluated the effectiveness of paper deacidification based on life expectancy. The kinetic analysis of dry-heat aging process of mulberry paper showed that the degradation of mulberry paper follows the classical first-order degradation kinetics. Then, the life expectancy of mulberry paper before and after deacidification was predicted using first-order kinetics and Arrhenius equation. The results showed that the life expectancy of mulberry paper increased by approximately 5 times after deacidification. Therefore, we can conclude that even for traditional Chinese handmade paper, which already has a long lifetime, regular deacidification still can significantly extend its lifetime. In addition, several parameters, including pH, tensile index, color difference and oxidation degree, were measured and analyzed before and after deacidification. The pH value and tensile index testing showed that the deacidification process increased the surface pH value of paper, which effectively inhibited the acidification rate of the paper and slowed down the decline of the tensile index. The results of chromaticity and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurement showed that color difference and oxidation degree of paper after deacidification were slightly increased. The microscopic and optical images showed that the morphology of the fibers was basically the same before and after deacidification. The results of the study can be extended to the evaluation of deacidification effectiveness and life expectancy of other types of paper, and providing a multi-faceted and more practical methods and experimental basis for evaluation of paper deacidification effectiveness.