1 引言
2 结果与讨论
图1 (a) APS对锌箔的氧化机制示意图; (b) APS@Zn与Bare Zn的XRD对比图; (c) APS@Zn与Bare Zn的I(002)/I(100)比值; (d) APS@Zn的SEM mapping图; (e~h)不同放大倍率下的APS@Zn的SEM图Figure 1 (a) Schematic diagram of the oxidation mechanism of APS on zinc foil; (b) XRD comparison of APS@Zn and Bare Zn; (c) I(002)/I(100) ratio of APS@Zn and Bare Zn; (d) SEM mapping of APS@Zn; (e~h) SEM images of APS@Zn at different magnifications |
图2 (a) APS@Zn的XPS图; (b) APS@Zn的TEM mapping图; (c) APS@Zn的TEM图; (d) APS@Zn的能量色散X射线光谱; (e) HRTEM照片; (f) APS@Zn的TEM放大图; (g) Zn吸附解吸能图; (h) aZnO和ZnO中O原子的投影态密度(PDOS)和p带中心(这两个值对应于自旋向上/自旋向下); (i)从正面和侧面计算了Zn在表面吸附的电荷密度差, 黄色和蓝色区域分别指电荷分布的增加和减少Figure 2 (a) XPS spectra of APS@Zn; (b) TEM mapping of APS@Zn; (c) TEM image of APS@Zn; (d) Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of APS@Zn; (e) HRTEM image; (f) Enlarged TEM image of APS@Zn; (g) Zn adsorption-desorption energy diagram; (h) Projected density of states (PDOS) and p-band centers of O atoms in aZnO and ZnO (these two values correspond to spin-up/spin-down); (i) Charge density difference of Zn adsorbed on the surface calculated from front and side views, Yellow and blue regions indicate areas of increased and decreased charge distribution, respectively |
图3 (a, b) Bare Zn和APS@Zn的接触角测试图; (c) Bare Zn和APS@Zn在2 mol•L−1 ZnSO4溶液中浸泡7 d后的SEM图; (d, e) APS@Zn和Bare Zn的离子迁移数测试图; (f) Bare Zn和APS@Zn在2 mol•L−1 ZnSO4溶液中浸泡7 d后的XRD图; (g, h) APS@Zn和Bare Zn的变温阻抗图; (i) APS@Zn和Bare Zn的活化能测试图Figure 3 (a, b) Contact angle test images of Bare Zn and APS@Zn; (c) SEM images of Bare Zn and APS@Zn after soaking in 2 mol•L−1 ZnSO4 solution for 7 d; (d, e) Ion migration number test images of APS@Zn and Bare Zn; (f) XRD patterns of Bare Zn and APS@Zn after soaking in 2 mol•L−1 ZnSO4 solution for 7 d; (g, h) Variable-temperature impedance plots of APS@Zn and Bare Zn; (i) Activation energy test images of APS@Zn and Bare Zn |
图4 (a) Bare Zn和APS@Zn在5 mA•cm−2下长循环性能, 面积容量为1 mAh•cm−2; (b) Bare Zn和APS@Zn在20 mA•cm−2下长循环性能, 面积容量为0.5 mAh•cm−2; (c)对称电池长循环性能比较; (d) Bare Zn和APS@Zn的原位光学沉积图; (e) APS@Zn与活性碳匹配组装锌离子电容器在2 A•g−1的电流密度下长循环侧视图; (f) APS@Zn电极与Bare Zn电极所组装Zn||Cu不对称电池在10 mA•cm−2和0.5 mAh•cm−2的条件下的库伦效率对比图Figure 4 (a) Long-term cycling performance of bare Zn and APS@Zn at 5 mA•cm−2 with an areal capacity of 1 mAh•cm−2; (b) Long-term cycling performance of bare Zn and APS@Zn at 20 mA•cm−2 with an areal capacity of 0.5 mAh•cm−2; (c) Comparison of long-term cycling performance of symmetric cells; (d) In situ optical deposition images of bare Zn and APS@Zn; (e) Side view of long-term cycling of a zinc-ion capacitor assembled with APS@Zn and activated carbon at a current density of 2 A•g−1; (f) Comparison of Coulombic efficiency between Zn||Cu asymmetric batteries assembled with APS@Zn electrodes and Bare Zn electrodes under the conditions of 10 mA•cm−2 and 0.5 mAh•cm−2 |