1 引言
2 高硅小晶粒Y型分子筛的合成
2.1 水热晶化合成高硅小晶粒Y型分子筛
2.1.1 无机体系合成高硅小晶粒Y型分子筛
2.1.2 有机模板剂体系合成高硅小晶粒Y型分子筛
图1 利用胆碱氢氧化物和Na-15-冠醚-5(CE配合物)作为协同有机结构导向剂合成高硅FAU分子筛路线图. 图中红色标记的Al原子为随机插入, 每个钠笼中含有3~4个Al原子. 已获得参考文献[29]转载许可, 版权所有© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbHFigure 1 The cooperative OSDA blueprint using Ch and Na-15-crown-5 (CE complex) for high-silica FAU zeolite synthesis. The Al atoms in red are randomly inserted, with 3~4 Al per SOD cage. Reprinted with permission from ref. [29]. Copy right © 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH |
图2 低密度结构导向剂(TMA+和TBA+)合成高硅Y分子筛机制示意图. 已获得参考文献[38]转载许可, 版权所有© 2025 American Chemical SocietyFigure 2 Schematic illustration of the formation mechanism for highly siliceous Faujasite-type zeolite by low charge density organic structure- directing agents (TMA+ & TBA+). Reprinted with permission from ref. [38]. Copy right © 2025 American Chemical Society |
图3 典型的高硅小晶粒Y型分子筛SY15.6的(a) SEM图像, (b) NH3-TPD, (c) 27Al和(d) 29Si MAS NMR谱图. (e) 1,3,5-三异丙基苯(TIPB)裂化性能图. 反应条件: T=160 ℃, WHSVTIPB=4.1 h−1. (f)正十二烷转化率及产物分布图. 反应条件: T=250 ℃, WHSVn-dodecane=50.0 h−1, TOS=2 min. 已获得参考文献[39]转载许可, 版权所有© 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, WeinheimFigure 3 (a) SEM image, (b) NH3-TPD, (c) 27Al and (d) 29Si MAS NMR spectra of typical high-silica small-crystal zeolite Y (SY15.6); (e) 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene (TIPB) cracking versus time on stream. Reaction conditions: T=160 ℃, WHSVTIPB=4.1 h−1; (f) N-dodecane conversion and products distribution. Reaction conditions: T=250 ℃, WHSVn-dodecane=50.0 h−1, TOS=2 min. Reprinted with permission from ref. [39]. Copy right © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim |
2.2 后处理脱铝合成高硅小晶粒Y型分子筛
2.2.1 骨架浸出铝后修复缺陷
2.2.2 氟硅酸铵作用下Si同晶取代Al
2.3 高硅纳米Y型分子筛合成研究进展
3 分子筛脱铝
3.1 脱铝机理
3.1.1 高温蒸汽脱铝
图4 沸石中水分子对桥联Brønsted酸位点进行反向攻击引发脱铝(Al—O键断裂)的机理. 已获得参考文献[82]转载许可, 版权所有© 2024 American Chemical SocietyFigure 4 Mechanism of the initiation of dealumination (Al—O bond breaking) by the attack in anti of a bridging Brønsted acid site by a water molecule in a zeolite. Reprinted with permission from ref. [82]. Copy right © 2024 American Chemical Society |
3.1.2 气相超稳化脱铝
3.1.3 氟硅酸铵脱铝
3.2 脱铝对分子筛性质的影响
3.2.1 脱铝对分子筛骨架结晶度的影响
3.2.2 结构缺陷和非骨架铝的形成
图7 (a) Y-MWAC的2D SQ-SQ1H同核偶极相关MAS核磁共振光谱. (b) Y-MWAC的2D DQ-SQ 27Al同核对应NMR光谱. (a)中用虚线框表示Y-MWAC中BAS与EFAl质子之间的交叉峰, 强度被放大了2倍. (a)中顶部和左侧显示天际线投影, 而(b)中顶部光谱显示一维27Al MAS核磁共振光谱作对比. 已获得参考文献[90]转载许可, 版权所有© 2025 The Author(s). ChemCatChem published by Wiley-VCH GmbH, 采用知识共享署名CC BY 4.0 授权. (c) Y和(d) USY的红外光谱图. (A) 723 K活化, (B)真空吸附吡啶并在423 K再次真空, (C)真空吸附2,6-二叔丁基吡啶并在423 K再次真空. 已获得参考文献[92]转载许可, 版权所有© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbHFigure 7 (a) 2D SQ-SQ 1H homonuclear dipolar correlation MAS NMR spectra of Y-MWAC. (b) 2D DQ-SQ 27Al homonuclear dipolar correlation NMR spectrum of Y-MWAC. Cross peaks between BAS and EFAl protons of Y-MWAC, denoted by dashed boxes in (a), have been scaled in intensity by a factor of 2. Top and left in (a) show skyline projections, whereas the top spectrum in (b) shows the 1D 27Al MAS NMR spectrum, for comparison. Reprinted with permission from ref. [90]. Copy right © 2025 The Author(s). ChemCatChem published by Wiley-VCH GmbH, Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 4.0. IR spectra of Y (c) and USY (d) after (A) activation at 723 K, (B) adsorption of Py and evacuation at 423 K under secondary vacuum, and (C) adsorption of DTBPy and evacuation at 423 K under secondary vacuum. Reprinted with permission from ref. [92]. Copy right © 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH |




