Analysis of Growth Mode of Perovskite Crystals by Drop Casting Method at Different Quenching Temperatures

doi:10.6023/A24070220

Abstract

The preparation of large-area dense perovskite thin films is currently a popular direction in the research of perovskite solar cells. Researchers use methods such as assisted liquid film ordered evaporation and adjusting the evaporation temperature and solution composition of perovskite solutions to ensure the formation of smooth, dense, and uniform crystal morphology in perovskite films.Despite detailed studies on the conditions for the formation of needle-shaped and layered crystals in perovskite thin films, there remains a gap in understanding the impact of increased evaporation rates on crystal growth morphology and the laws governing the transition from needle-shaped crystals to dense layered crystals in perovskite thin films. Therefore, revealing the crystal growth mode of perovskite films is crucial for achieving dense perovskite films. This study utilized the drop casting method to prepare perovskite thin films. A perovskite solution was dripped onto a preheated substrate to obtain a stable and spreading perovskite precursor liquid film, which was then evaporated and crystallized at different quenching temperatures to prepare perovskite thin films. Firstly, this study recorded the growth process of needle-shaped and layered crystals in perovskite thin films during liquid film quenching and evaporation using an optical microscope. During this process, adjusting the microscope to pre-focus and minimizing the influence of external light sources during video recording can enhance the reproducibility of experimental results. Conduct an additional annealing process for the experimental group at temperatures below 100 ℃ to eliminate residual solvents and disintegrate complexes, a process that will not alter the crystal morphology. Through scanning electron microscope (SEM) testing, we investigated different crystal growth modes and compared the formation temperature and crystallinity of each crystal morphology with X-ray diffraction (XRD) testing. This article summarizes how the structure of perovskite crystals evolves with increasing quenching temperature, and speculates that the driving force of crystallization plays a key role in the mechanism of crystal morphology change. The research results indicate that with the increase of quenching temperature and crystallization rate, the perovskite film crystals transform from dendritic to spherical, and the morphology of the film changes from needle-like pores to smooth and dense. In addition, the uniformity of the film increases with the increase of quenching temperature. This transformation is crucial for enhancing the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells, as dense and uniform films are essential for optimal performance.

Key words: drop-casting, perovskite film, crystallization process, crystal nucleus

Cite this article

Shengzong Xiao, Xiongwen Xu. Analysis of Growth Mode of Perovskite Crystals by Drop Casting Method at Different Quenching Temperatures[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2024, 82(10): 1031-1038.

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Fig. & Tab. 16

Figure 1. Optical microscope records the crystallization process of perovskite

Figure 2. Record the crystal growth process of each group at quenching temperatures of (a) 60 ℃, (b) 80 ℃, and (c) 100 ℃

Figure 3. Image recording of continuous heating at (a) 60 ℃, (b) 80 ℃ and (c) 100 ℃ for 1 min

Figure 4. Record the growth process of perovskite crystals at quenching temperature of 110 ℃

Figure 5. Record the growth process of perovskite crystals at quenching temperature of 120 ℃

Figure 6. Record the growth process of perovskite crystals at quenching temperatures of (a) 140 ℃ and (b) 160 ℃

Figure 7. The Lar-Mer curves for crystal nucleation and growth

Figure 8. Temperature variation curve of the substrate surface and the time of crystallization

Figure 9. Optical microscopy images of MAPbI3 thin films prepared at different temperatures

Figure 10. SEM images of MAPbI3 thin films prepared at different temperatures

Figure 11. High magnification SEM images of perovskite thin films prepared at temperatures of (a) 60 ℃, (b) 80 ℃, (c) 100 ℃, (d) 120 ℃, (e) 140 ℃, and (f) 160 ℃

Figure 12. (a) XRD patterns and (b) half width of (200) peak of MAPbI3 thin films prepared at different temperatures

Figure 13. Optical microscopy image of perovskite thin film prepared at quenching temperature of 180 ℃ (Only light up above)

Figure 14. XRD patterns of MAPbI3 thin films prepared at quenching temperatures of 160 ℃ and 180 ℃

Figure 15. Process of preparing perovskite films by drop-casting

Figure 16. In-situ observation platform

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