A Novel Macroinitiator Based on the Copolymer of α-Methylstyrene Synthesis and Its Application in Preparing Block and Graft Polymers

doi:10.6023/A12100846

Acta Chimica Sinica ›› 2013, Vol. 71 ›› Issue (02): 151-158.DOI: 10.6023/A12100846 Previous Articles Next Articles

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“活”的α-甲基苯乙烯共聚物: 聚合反应新化学和材料工程新技术

马育红^a, 张冰^a, 赵长稳^a, 刘莲英^a, 蒋姗^b, 梁淑君^c, 杨万泰^a

a 北京化工大学碳纤维及功能高分子教育部重点实验室化工资源有效利用国家重点实验室北京 100029;
b 常州大学材料科学与工程系常州 213164;
c 太原工业学院材料工程系太原 030008

投稿日期:2012-10-31 发布日期:2012-12-18
通讯作者: 杨万泰 E-mail:yangwt@mail.buct.edu.cn
基金资助:
项目受国家自然科学基金委员会创新研究群体科学基金(No. 51221002-E03)资助.

A Novel Macroinitiator Based on the Copolymer of α-Methylstyrene Synthesis and Its Application in Preparing Block and Graft Polymers

Ma Yuhong^a, Zhang Bing^a, Zhao Changwen^a, Liu Lianying^a, Jiang Shan^b, Liang Shujun^c, Yang Wantai^a

a Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;
b Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China;
c Department of Materials and Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030008, China

Received:2012-10-31 Published:2012-12-18
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51221002-E03).

Due to the steric hindrance effects in combination with stability of the tertiary benzylic α-methylstyryl radical, there is a dynamic equilibrium between the monomer α-methylstyrene (AMS) and its polymer (PAMS) when the temperature is greater than 61℃ (the ceiling polymerization temperature). Based on this unique feature, a novel strategy to prepare copolymers of AMS having liable bonds as potential macromolecular free radical initiators for synthesizing block and graft copolymers has been successfully developed in our laboratory. By conventional free radical polymerization, a series of AMS copolymers, including copolymers with (meth)acrylate, acrylic acid, styrene and maleic anhydride were synthesized. Typically, with the increasing of AMS fraction in monomer feed, the rate of copolymerization was significantly retarded and the molecular weight of the copolymers was reduced. However, the copolymer yield could be as high as 90% (w) with the increased addition of initiator, up to 4% (w), and the molar fraction of AMS structural unit in AMS copolymers could be up to 25% (mol%). It has been demonstrated that the copolymers containing AMS structural units are efficient free radical initiators when the temperature is greater than 80℃ (much better higher than 90℃). These copolymers could be exploited as macroinitiator in preparing block copolymers and core-shell polymer particles by bulk, solution and emulsion polymerization processes. In addition, the experimental results demonstrated that the molecular weight of copolymer products prepared with AMS copolymers as macromolecular initiators increased steadily with the monomer conversion. Though the polymerization initiated by AMS copolymers was not a well-controlled living system yet, it showed some characteristics of living polymerization. The ESR spectrum presented direct evidence of the generation of carbon centered radicals in the products of copolymer of AMS with glycidyl methacrylate (PAG) heated with N-t-butyl-α-phenylnitrone at 90℃ in toluene. Besides initiating the polymerization of vinyl monomer to prepare diblock copolymer, the AMS copolymers offered a practical pathway to synthesize grafting polymers in melting state. For example, with the addition of PAG in the PP/Nylon melten blending, it has been demonstrated a significant in situ compatibilization effect and the formation of graft polymer of PAG and PP. Furthermore, the AMS copolymers could also be used to modify MWCNT by free radical grafting onto mechanism. Instead of competing with the other existing controlled free radical polymerization technologies, the AMS copolymer method, with competitive cost and no small molecular residues, offers an alternative tool for polymer chemists to develop block copolymers on an industrial scale for some applications, such as dispersant and compatibilizer.

Key words: free radical polymerization, macroinitiator, α-methylstyrene, block copolymer, grafting polymerization, reactive compatibilization

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Ma Yuhong, Zhang Bing, Zhao Changwen, Liu Lianying, Jiang Shan, Liang Shujun, Yang Wantai. A Novel Macroinitiator Based on the Copolymer of α-Methylstyrene Synthesis and Its Application in Preparing Block and Graft Polymers[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2013, 71(02): 151-158.

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“活”的α-甲基苯乙烯共聚物: 聚合反应新化学和材料工程新技术

A Novel Macroinitiator Based on the Copolymer of α-Methylstyrene Synthesis and Its Application in Preparing Block and Graft Polymers

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