Acta Chimica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 79 ›› Issue (6): 729-741.DOI: 10.6023/A21020043 Previous Articles     Next Articles

Review

仿生控冰材料用于细胞及组织的冷冻保存

郑夏a,b, 刘建亭a, 刘樟a, 王健君a,b,*()   

  1. a 中国科学院化学研究所 北京 100190
    b 中国科学院大学 北京 101407
  • 投稿日期:2021-02-03 发布日期:2021-03-19
  • 通讯作者: 王健君
  • 作者简介:

    郑夏, 中国科学院大学未来技术学院2019级直博生, 现于中国科学院化学研究所绿色印刷实验室攻读博士学位. 目前的研究方向为抗冻(糖)蛋白在复杂生物环境中的作用机理及低温生物样品冷冻保存.

    刘建亭, 2020年毕业于中国科学院化学研究所, 获得博士学位. 现于中国科学院化学研究所从事博士后研究工作, 主要研究方向为组织、器官冷冻保存研究.

    刘樟, 中国科学院化学研究所博士后. 2016年毕业于中国科学院化学研究所, 获得博士学位. 2016~2018年于以色列威兹曼研究所从事博士后研究. 2018年加入中国科学院化学研究所从事博士后研究. 研究方向为抗冻(糖)蛋白在仿生拥挤环境中的低温保护机制及其在细胞、组织冷冻保存领域的应用.

    王健君, 中国科学院化学研究所研究员, 博士生导师, 国家杰出青年科学基金获得者. 1999年获华东理工大学学士学位; 2002年获华东理工大学硕士学位; 2006年获德国美因茨大学博士学位; 2007年5月担任德国马普高分子所课题组长; 2010年2月在中国科学院化学研究所工作, 任研究员/课题组长. 主要从事揭示冰晶形成分子机制、创制新型控冰材料并应用于细胞、组织和器官的冷冻保存等.

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51925307); 国家自然科学基金(21733010); 国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFA0208502); 中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(ZDBS-LYSLH031)

Bio-inspired Ice-controlling Materials for Cryopreservation of Cells and Tissues

Xia Zhenga,b, Jianting Liua, Zhang Liua, Jianjun Wanga,b()   

  1. a Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101407, China
  • Received:2021-02-03 Published:2021-03-19
  • Contact: Jianjun Wang
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(51925307); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21733010); National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0208502); Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS(ZDBS-LYSLH031)

Cryopreservation is a science and technology of using ultra-low temperatures for the long-term storage of cells, tissues, or organs; also it ensures a recovery in function after thawing. Cryopreservation is currently the only effective method to realize long-term storage of biological samples, and it plays a critical role in areas of biomedicine such as cell therapy, regenerative medicine and organ transplantation. As the water content of cells and tissues can be as high as 70%~90%, ice formation inevitably occurs both intracellularly and extracellularly, which can be lethal because of the mechanical damage, the osmotic shock and excessive solute accumulations. Therefore, the scientific challenge of cryopreservation is to inhibit or control ice formation in the freezing/thawing processes. Traditional cryopreservation strategies use large amounts of small molecules, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), as cryoprotectant (CPA) to permeate into the cells and prevent intracellular ice formation; which to some extends are successful in the cryopreservation of cells. However, these molecules are chemically and epigenetically toxic to cells. Meanwhile, these strategies have proved refractory for the cryopreservation of tissues and organs. Therefore, great efforts have been made for effective ice-controlling materials to regulate the ice formation during cryopreservation. In nature, many cold-acclimated species can avoid cold damage and survive in the subzero environment due to the existence of ice-regulating proteins, i.e., ice nucleating proteins (INPs) and antifreeze (glyco) proteins (AF(G)Ps). Inspired by these proteins, intensive investigations have been made to reveal the protection mechanism of the ice-regulating proteins in order to develop their mimics. It has been reported that the bio-inspired ice-controlling materials are more effective and safer CPA in cryopreservation in comparison to small organic molecules. Therefore, the present review will briefly summarize the history of cryopreservation for cells and tissues, and focus on the development of bio-inspired ice-controlling materials and their application in the cryopreservation of cells and tissues. At last, the challenges and possible directions of bio-inspired ice-controlling materials as cryoprotective agents will be briefed.

Key words: biomimetic ice-controlling material, biological sample, cryopreservation, ice-controlling protein, complex biological system