Flexible Acetone Gas Sensor based on ZIF-8/Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Composite Film

doi:10.6023/A22020093

Abstract

ZIF-8 is a Zn-based metal organic framework material which can adsorb acetone gas, so it can be used as the gas sensing material of capacitive acetone sensor. In addition, it can be combined with electrospinning nanofibers to form a fibrous gas sensitive material, so that the acetone sensor using it as the gas sensing material has excellent flexibility and this kind of excellent flexibility cannot be achieved in the research of flexible acetone sensor at present. In this work, ZIF-8/ polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membrane composite with excellent flexibility was prepared by seed embedding method and secondary growth method. The key to the material preparation process is to prepare 2-methylimidazol/PAN composite membrane firstly by blended electrospinning and use the 2-methylimidazole embedded in the nanofiber membrane as the site for the growth of ZIF-8 on the surface of the nanofiber membrane. Then the metal salts and ligands needed for the growth of ZIF-8 were provided by the secondary growth method in stages and finally the fibrous gas sensitive material ZIF-8/PAN could be obtained. After that, a capacitive acetone sensor using flexible ZIF-8/PAN composite material as flexible gas sensing layer and carbon nanotubes as flexible electrode was prepared. The sensor has excellent flexibility, high porosity and fully exposed active site. Due to these characteristics, the sensor has a sensitive response to acetone gas in the range of 250~2000 cm³/m³, and the response shows good linearity (R²=0.99659). In addition, the sensor has good cyclic response, long-term stability, and shows good selectivity for acetone among nine common volatile organic compounds. It is worth noting that due to the excellent flexibility of the fibrous gas sensitive layer ZIF-8/PAN, the response value of the sensor to acetone gas under 180° bending state is almost the same as that to acetone under 0° unbending state, and the sensor also shows a stable response to acetone after 180° bending-recovery within 200 times. Besides these excellent performances in flexibility, the use temperature of the sensor is room temperature. These characteristics make it have the development potential to combine with clothing to form a portable flexible acetone sensor.

Key words: metal-organic framework, nanofiber, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) gas sensor, capacitance, flexibility, seed embedding method

Cite this article

Ben Niu, Zhenyu Zhai, Xiaoke Hao, Tingli Ren, Congju Li. Flexible Acetone Gas Sensor based on ZIF-8/Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Composite Film[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2022, 80(7): 946-955.

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Fig. & Tab. 12

Figure 1. Schematic diagrams of (a, b) synthesis of ZIF-8/PAN composite membrane and (c) preparation of flexible acetone sensor

Figure 2. (a) SEM image of 2-MIM/PAN, (b, c) SEM image of ZIF-8/PAN at different magnification, (d) EDX analysis of ZIF-8/PAN and (e) flexible acetone gas sensor prepared by ZIF-8/PAN and carbon nanotubes

Figure 3. XRD images of PAN, 2-MIM/PAN, ZIF-8/PAN and simulated ZIF-8

Figure 4. FTIR spectra of PAN, 2-MIM/PAN, ZIF-8/PAN and ZIF-8 powder

Figure 5. Thermogravimetry curves of 2-MIM/PAN and ZIF-8/PAN

Figure 6. (a) N2 adsorption-desorption curves of 2-MIM/PAN and ZIF-8/PAN and (b) pore size distribution of ZIF-8/PAN

Figure 7. Response of sensors based on (a) three different gas-sensitive layers to 500 cm3/m3 acetone and (b) ZIF-8/PAN gas sensitive layer to different concentrations of acetone

Figure 8. (a) Cyclic response test of the sensor and (b) long-term stability testing of sensors in response to 500 and 1000 cm3/m3 acetone

Figure 9. Sensor response/recovery time to 500 cm3/m3 acetone

Figure 10. Sensor response to 9 different VOCs of 1000 cm3/m3

Figure 11. (a) Schematic diagram of the sensor bending at 180°, (b) ZIF-8/PAN SEM image of the bend after 200 times of 180° bending-recovery, (c) response of the sensor to different concentrations of acetone at 180° bending and compared with 0° non-bending and (d) response of the sensor to the two concentrations of acetone gas after bending at 180° for up to 200 times

Figure 12. Schematic diagram of the testing system

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基于ZIF-8/PAN复合薄膜的柔性丙酮气体传感器