Dielectric and Energy Storage Properties of (1-x)NaNbO3-x(0.3Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.7BiFeO3) Ceramics

doi:10.6023/A24010028

Abstract

Sodium niobate (NaNbO₃) ceramic, as a representative of antiferroelectric materials, has been widely studied in the field of energy storage due to its environmental friendliness and non-toxicity. However, its application is greatly limited due to its square hysteresis loop, which leads to low recoverable energy storage density (W_rec). Introducing a second component into NaNbO₃ to form a solid solution can enhance its energy storage properties. According to this train of thoughts, (1－x)NaNbO₃-x(0.3Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-0.7BiFeO₃) [NN-x(BNT-BF)] (x=0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) ceramics were designed through substituting the A- and B- sites of NaNbO₃ with Bi³⁺, Fe³⁺, and Ti⁴⁺ simultaneously in this work. The NN-x(BNT-BF) ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method, and their phase compositions, microstructures, dielectric and energy storage properties were systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dielectric property measurement and ferroelectric test. The results showed that with the increase of BNT-BF content, the phase composition of the NN-x(BNT-BF) ceramics gradually transformed from coexistence of orthogonal antiferroelectric P and R phases (x<0.1) to single antiferroelectric R phase (x≥0.1), and the relaxation behavior was significantly enhanced. The densification of the NN-x(BNT-BF) ceramics was remarkably improved. With the increase of BNT-BF content, the average grain size of the NN-x(BNT-BF) ceramics was firstly declined and then increased. Moreover, replacing the A- and B- sites of NaNbO₃ by Bi³⁺, Fe³⁺, and Ti⁴⁺ simultaneously could disrupt its original long-range antiferroelectric ordered structure, thus optimizing energy storage performances of the ceramics. At a high breakdown field strength (E_b) of 410 kV/cm, the NN-0.2(BNT-BF) ceramic achieved W_rec of 2.54 J/cm³, and energy storage efficiency (η) of 89.24%. In addition, the NN-0.2(BNT-BF) ceramic exhibited a high temperature stability in the temperature range of 20~120 ℃. Meanwhile, large power density (P_D=49 MW/cm³), high current density (C_D=406 A/cm²), and ultrafast discharge rate (t_0.9=35 ns) made the NN-0.2(BNT-BF) ceramic have potential applications in pulse power systems.

Key words: sodium niobate, dielectric property, energy storage property, temperature stability, charge-discharge property

Cite this article

Yunfeng Guo, Junxian Wang, Zexing Wang, Jiamao Li, Chang Liu. Dielectric and Energy Storage Properties of (1-x)NaNbO₃-x(0.3Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-0.7BiFeO₃) Ceramics[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2024, 82(5): 511-519.

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Fig. & Tab. 14

Figure 1. (a) XRD patterns of NN-x(BNT-BF) ceramics; (b) amplified XRD patterns of (200) peak at 45.5°~47.5°

Figure 2. Rietveld refinement results of NN-x(BNT-BF) ceramics: (a) x=0.05, (b) x=0.1, (c) x=0.15, (d) x=0.2

x	Phase	Lattice parameter				V_m/nm³
x	Phase	a/nm	b/nm	c/nm	α=β=γ/(°)	V_m/nm³
0.05	Pbma	0.555(5)	1.559(5)	0.550(3)	90	0.47689(0)
0.05	Pnma	0.782(8)	0.781(2)	2.346(9)	90	1.43549(3)
0.1	Pnma	0.781(6)	0.781(6)	2.344(6)	90	1.43259(8)
0.15	Pnma	0.781(6)	0.782(4)	2.347(3)	90	1.43573(9)
0.2	Pnma	0.783(4)	0.783(4)	2.344(7)	90	1.43921(0)

Table 1. Rietveld refined lattice parameters of NN-x(BNT-BF) ceramics

Figure 3. (a) Raman spectra of NN-x(BNT-BF) ceramics; Gaussian- Lorentz fitting spectra of the samples with (b) x=0.05 and (c) x=0.1

Figure 4. Surface morphologies and grain size distributions of NN-x(BNT-BF) ceramics: (a) x=0.05, (b) x=0.1, (c) x=0.15, (d) x=0.2

Figure 5. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer mapping images of NN-0.2(BNT-BF) ceramics

Figure 6. Variation of εr and tan δ of NN-x(BNT-BF) ceramics with temperature at different frequencies: (a) x=0.05, (b) x=0.1, (c) x=0.15, (d) x=0.2; (e) dependence of εr on temperature at 10 kHz; (f) dependence of ?ε/ε150 ℃ on temperature for NN-x(BNT-BF) ceramics at 10 kHz

Figure 7. TEM images of NN-x(BNT-BF) ceramics: (a) x=0.05, (b) x=0.2

Figure 8. Dependences of εr and tan δ on frequency for NN-x(BNT-BF) ceramics: (a) x=0.05, (b) x=0.1, (c) x=0.15, (d) x=0.2

Figure 9. NN-x(BNT-BF) (0.05≤x≤0.2) ceramics: (a) P-E loops under maximum applied electric field; (b) variation of Pmax and Pr, ΔP with x; (c) variation of Wrec and η with x

Figure 10. NN-0.2(BNT-BF) ceramics: (a) P-E loops under different electric fields; (b) variation of Pmax, Pr and ΔP with electric fields; (c) variation of Wrec and η with electric fields

Figure 11. NN-0.2(BNT-BF) ceramics: (a) Temperature-dependent P-E loops at 200 kV/cm; (b) variation of Pmax and Pr values with temperature; (c) variation of Wrec and η values with temperature

Figure 12. NN-0.2(BNT-BF) ceramics: (a) Underdamped charge-discharge current curves; (b) Imax, CD and PD variation with electric fields; (c) overdamped charge-discharge current curves; (d) variation of Imax, t0.9 and Wd with electric fields; (e) Wd with time curves

Composition	C_D/(A·cm⁻²)		P_D/(MW·cm⁻³)	W_d/(J·cm⁻³)	E/(kV·mm⁻¹)	t_0.9/ns	Ref.
0.78NaNbO₃-0.22Bi(Mg_2/3Ta_1/3)O₃	537.9		37.7	0.587	14	23	[40]
0.91NaNbO₃-0.09Bi(Zn_0.5Ti_0.5)O₃	356		20	0.48	11	250	[30]
0.85NaNbO₃-0.15Bi(Mg_2/3Nb_1/3)NbO₃	382		19	—	10	—	[41]
0.8(0.65Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-0.35Bi_0.2Sr_0.7TiO₃)-0.2BaSnO₃		600.13	38.73	0.8	12	186.4	[42]
0.5Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃-0.5Sr_0.7Bi_0.2TiO₃	350		245	0.95	35	—	[43]
0.6(Bi_0.5K_0.5)TiO₃-0.3BaTiO₃-0.1NaNbO₃	103.2		2.4	2.07	22	130	[44]
0.94(Ba_0.3Sr_0.7)_0.35(Bi_0.5Na_0.5)_0.65TiO₃-0.06NaNbO₃	262		2.65	0.55	8	800	[45]
Pb_0.94La_0.04[(Zr_0.52Sn_0.48)_0.84Ti_0.16]O₃	143.8		2.4	0.38	4	—	[46]
0.8NaNbO₃-0.2(0.3Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-0.7BiFeO₃)	406		49	1.2	12	35	This work

Table 2. Comparison of charge-discharge performance between NN-0.2(BNT-BF) ceramics and several other ceramics

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(1-x)NaNbO₃-x(0.3Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-0.7BiFeO₃)陶瓷的介电以及储能性能研究

Dielectric and Energy Storage Properties of (1-x)NaNbO₃-x(0.3Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-0.7BiFeO₃) Ceramics

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(1-x)NaNbO3-x(0.3Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.7BiFeO3)陶瓷的介电以及储能性能研究