Amine-Ligated Boryl Radicals: Generation and Synthetic Applications

doi:10.6023/A25120413

Acta Chimica Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 84 ›› Issue (3): 385-408.DOI: 10.6023/A25120413 Previous Articles Next Articles

Review

胺-硼烷自由基的产生及其在有机合成中的应用

廖文权^a, 丁秋平^a^,^*(), 张俊^b^,^*(), 吴劼^b^,^c^,^*()

^a 江西师范大学化学与材料学院南昌 330022
^b 台州学院医药化工学院&高等研究院台州 318000
^c 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所金属有机化学国家重点实验室上海 200032

投稿日期:2025-12-23 发布日期:2026-01-26

作者简介:

廖文权, 男, 江西师范大学化学与材料学院2024级研究生, 研究方向为: 金属催化的自由基反应.

丁秋平, 教授、博士生导师. 于2009年6月获得复旦大学博士学位, 之后分别曾在中科院理化所以及美国斯克利普斯研究所从事博士后、访问学者工作.任职于江西师范大学化学与材料学院, 研究方向为: 基于绿色合成方法(多组分串联法、碳氢键活化法)合成具有潜在生物活性的功能有机小分子. 目前, 在J. Am. Chem. Soc.; Chem. Soc. Rev.; ACS Catal.; Green Chem.; Org. Lett.; Green Synth. Catal.; Chem. Commun.; J. Org. Chem.等国际核心期刊发表SCI论文130余篇, 授权专利10项.

张俊, 副教授, 本科毕业于河南大学; 博士毕业于复旦大学(导师: 吴劼教授); 2021年7月入职台州学院高等研究院, 主要从事自由基反应研究.

吴劼, 教授、博士生导师. 于2000年6月获得中科院上海有机化学研究所博士学位, 之后分别先后在哈佛大学、洛克菲勒大学艾伦·戴蒙德艾滋病研究中心、VivoQuest, Inc. (纽约)从事博士后、访问学者、研究员工作. 2004年回国进入复旦大学化学系担任副教授, 2006年晋升为教授, 博士生导师. 2019年加入台州学院医药化工学院, 主要从事有机合成、药物化学及相关研究工作. 独立工作以来已在Nat. Commun.; J. Am. Chem. Soc.; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.; Chem. Soc. Rev.等国际核心期刊发表SCI论文400余篇, 参与编写专著四本, 独立撰写专著一本, 获得美国发明专利2项, 中国发明专利30余项.

基金资助:
项目受国家自然科学基金(22201200); 浙江省自然科学基金(LZ23B020001)

Amine-Ligated Boryl Radicals: Generation and Synthetic Applications

Liao Wenquan^a, Ding Qiuping^a^,^*(), Zhang Jun^b^,^*(), Wu Jie^b^,^c^,^*()

^a College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
^b School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
^c State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China

Received:2025-12-23 Published:2026-01-26
Contact: *E-mail: dingqiuping@jxnu.edu.cn; jun_zhang@tzc.edu.cn; jie_wu@fudan.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(22201200); Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ23B020001)

While radical chemistry has achieved significant progress over the past few decades, the development of boron-centered radical chemistry remains relatively delayed. Generally, boron radicals can be classified into two main categories based on their electronic structures: neutral boron radicals and Lewis base-ligated boryl radicals. Neutral boron radicals feature only five valence electrons, making them highly electron-deficient and extremely unstable species. This high electron deficiency and instability pose significant challenges to their direct application. In contrast, Lewis base-ligated boryl radicals (with seven electrons) exhibit markedly enhanced stability and more controllable reactivity, which has made them a current focus in boron chemistry. To date, numerous synthetic transformations have been developed using boryl radicals ligated by various Lewis bases such as N-heterocyclic carbenes, organophosphines, pyridines, alcohols, and amines. The generation and reactivity of these radicals are significantly influenced by the electronic and steric properties of their Lewis base ligands. Among them, amine-ligated boryl radicals, in which spin density is predominantly localized on the boron center, exhibit strong nucleophilic character and thus demonstrate unique reactivity. However, the early reliance on methods such as UV photolysis of peroxides or thermal decomposition of azo compounds to generate alkoxyl radicals, which subsequently promoted the formation of amine-ligated boryl radicals, posed a constraint on their widespread applications. In the past five years, the emergence of new theories and technologies in radical chemistry has enabled the expansion of methods for generating amine-ligated boryl radicals. These include novel catalytic systems (e.g., visible-light photocatalysis, visible-light-metal cooperative catalysis, photoelectrocatalysis) and new boryl radical precursors (e.g., amine-carboxyborane). This progress has vigorously promoted their widespread application in diverse synthetic transformations. This manuscript reviews advances in the generation of amine-ligated boryl radicals and summarizes their synthetic applications. It is divided into four sections according to the distinct reaction mechanisms involved: (1) hydrogen atom transfer; (2) radical addition reactions; (3) halogen atom transfer; (4) radical replacement. Finally, a brief outlook on future developments is provided.

Key words: amine-boranes, boryl radicals, borylation, hydrogen atom transfer, halogen atom transfer

Cite this article

Liao Wenquan, Ding Qiuping, Zhang Jun, Wu Jie. Amine-Ligated Boryl Radicals: Generation and Synthetic Applications[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2026, 84(3): 385-408.

Export EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

share this article

Fig. & Tab. 26

Scheme 1. Boron-centered radicals and Lewis base-ligated boranes

Scheme 2. Synthesis of propylene oxide compounds using amine-boranes

Scheme 3. Synthesis of substituted allylic alcohols and multi-ester functionalized products using amine-boranes

Scheme 4. Hydroalkylation of unactivated alkenes enabled by amine-boranes

Scheme 5. Photocatalytic regioselective borylation of azines enabled by trimethylamine-borane

Scheme 6. Regioselective borylation of adenosine and adenine derivatives using amine-boranes

Scheme 7. Photoelectrocatalytic regioselective borylation of electron-deficient (hetero)arenes using trimethylamine-borane

Scheme 8. Photo/HAT/Cobalt cooperative catalysis for dehydrogenative borylation using amine-boranes

Scheme 9. Photocatalytic C(sp3)—B bond formation with trimethylamine-carboxyborane (Leonori’s work)

Scheme 10. Photocatalytic C(sp3)—B bond formation with trimethylamine-carboxyborane (Xu’s work)

Scheme 11. Photocatalytic defluorinative borylation using trimethylamine-carboxyborane

Scheme 12. Photocatalytic C(sp)—B bond formation with trimethylamine-carboxyborane

Scheme 13. Photocatalytic C—F bond borylation of polyfluoroarenes with trimethylamine-carboxyborane

Scheme 14. Photocatalytic decyanative deuteration with trimethylamine-carboxyborane

Scheme 15. Photocatalytic decyanative radical addition with trimethylamine-carboxyborane

Scheme 16. Hydrodifluoromethylation of alkenes enabled by trimethylamine-borane

Scheme 17. Hydrodifluoroalkylation of alkenes enabled by quinuclidine-borane

Scheme 18. Sulfamoyl-oximation of alkenes enabled by trimethylamine-borane

Scheme 19. Cyclopropanation reactions with trimethylamine-carboxyboranes

Scheme 20. Hydrofunctionalization of alkenes enabled by trimethylamine-carboxyborane

Scheme 21. Alkynylation of alkyl halides enabled by trimethylamine-borane

Scheme 22. Activation of C(sp2)—Br bonds enabled by trimethylamine-borane

Scheme 23. Arylation of alkyl halides enabled by trimethylamine-borane

Scheme 24. Cross-coupling of alkyl bromides with aryl bromides mediated by trimethylamine-borane

Scheme 25. Cross-coupling of alkyl halides with amides mediated by trimethylamine-borane

Scheme 26. Activation of alkyl chlorides enabled by triethylamine-borane

References 36

[1]	(a) Crespi S.; Fagnoni M. Chem. Rev. 2020, 120, 9790. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00278
	(b) Gu Q.-S.; Li Z.-L.; Liu X.-Y. Acc. Chem. Res. 2020, 53, 170. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00381
	(c) Jiang S.; Nan N.; He J.; Guo J.; Qin J.; Xie Y.; Ouyang X.; Song R. Chin. J. Org. Chem. 2022, 42, 3959 (in Chinese). doi: 10.6023/cjoc202210013
	(姜松, 南宁, 何景昊, 郭嘉程, 秦景灏, 谢叶香, 欧阳旋慧, 宋仁杰, 有机化学, 2022, 42, 3959). doi: 10.6023/cjoc202210013
[2]	(a) Yu X.-Y.; Zhao Q.-Q.; Chen J.; Xiao W.-J.; Chen J.-R. Acc. Chem. Res. 2020, 53, 1066. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00090 pmid: 27116936
	(b) Xiong T.; Zhang Q. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2016, 45, 3069. doi: 10.1039/c5cs00852b pmid: 27116936
	(c) Song H.; Liu X.; Qin Y. Acta Chim. Sinica 2017, 75, 1137 (in Chinese). doi: 10.6023/A17080384 pmid: 27116936
	(宋颢, 刘小宇, 秦勇, 化学学报, 2017, 75, 1137). doi: 10.6023/A17080384 pmid: 27116936
[3]	(a) Chang L.; An Q.; Duan L.; Feng K.; Zuo Z. Chem. Rev. 2022, 122, 2429. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00256
	(b) Zhu Y.; Wang H.; Shu P.; Zhang K.; Wang Q. Chin. J. Org. Chem. 2024, 44, 1 (in Chinese).
	(朱彦硕, 王红言, 舒朋华, 张克娜, 王琪琳, 有机化学, 2024, 44, 1). doi: 10.6023/cjoc202307028
	(c) Shi J.-L.; Wang Z.; He Z.; Dou B.; Wang J. Chin. J. Chem. 2023, 41, 259. doi: 10.1002/cjoc.v41.3
[4]	(a) Xiao W.; Chen J.-Q.; Wu J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2025, 54, 6832. doi: 10.1039/d4cs01312c pmid: 40498470
	(b) Zhang Z.; Wang X.; Sivaguru P.; Wang Z. Org. Chem. Front. 2022, 9, 6063. doi: 10.1039/D2QO01403C pmid: 40498470
	(c) Zhao J.; Gan Q.; Yuan Y. Chin. J. Org. Chem. 2025, 45, 1206 (in Chinese). doi: 10.6023/cjoc202407012 pmid: 40498470
	(赵佳, 甘秋云, 袁耀锋, 有机化学, 2025, 45, 1206). doi: 10.6023/cjoc202407012 pmid: 40498470
[5]	(a) Li W.-D.; Wu Y.; Li S.-J.; Jiang Y.-Q.; Li Y.-L.; Lan Y.; Xia J.-B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144, 8551. doi: 10.1021/jacs.1c12463
	(b) Zhang H.; Guan S.; Chen H.; Zhang G.; Chen Y. JACS Au 2025, 5, 1932. doi: 10.1021/jacsau.5c00154
	(c) Pang Y.; Yan X.; Aman H.; Xu M.; Ye J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2025, 147, 25397. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5c09280
	(d) Pan Q.; Yu R.; Cai Z.; Chen Y. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, 64, e202520148.
	(e) Qin H.-N.; Jiang H.-W.; Zhao Y.; Qurban S.; Wang K.-C.; Xu P.-F. Chem. Sci. 2025, 16, 2837. doi: 10.1039/D4SC08085H
[6]	(a) Friese F. W.; Studer A. Chem. Sci. 2019, 10, 8503. doi: 10.1039/C9SC03765A
	(b) Wang G.; Zhang H.; Zhao J.; Li W.; Cao J.; Zhu C.; Li S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55, 5985. doi: 10.1002/anie.v55.20
	(c) Ding Z.; Liu Z.; Wang Z.; Yu T.; Xu M.; Wen J.; Yang K.; Zhang H.; Xu L.; Li P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144, 8870. doi: 10.1021/jacs.2c03673
	(d) Xu M.; Wang Z.; Sun Z.; Ouyang Y.; Ding Z.; Yu T.; Xu L.; Li P. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202214507.
	(e) Yu T.; Yang J.; Wang Z.; Ding Z.; Xu M.; Wen J.; Xu L.; Li P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2023, 145, 4304. doi: 10.1021/jacs.2c13740
	(f) Liu Y.; Lin S.; Li Y.; Xue J.-H.; Li Q.; Wang H. ACS Catal. 2023, 13, 5096. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00305
	(g) Wen J.; Ding Z.; Li P. Org. Lett. 2024, 26, 7021. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02565
	(h) Chen C.; Ding Z.; Gao Y.; Jiang Y.; Luo Y.-A.; Ma X.; Chen X.; Li P.; Qiu Z.; Song Q.; Wang X.-Y.; Xie Z. Sci. China Chem. 2025, 68, 3927. doi: 10.1007/s11426-025-2886-2
	(i) Yu T.; Zhao X.; Nie Z.; Qin L.; Ding Z.; Xu L.; Li P. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, 64, e202420831.
	(j) Li X.; Wu L. Chin. J. Chem. 2024, 42, 3429. doi: 10.1002/cjoc.v42.24
	(k) Lian C.; Zhang J.; Qiu D.; Mo F. Chin. J. Chem. 2025, 43, 104. doi: 10.1002/cjoc.v43.1
	(l) Liu Q.; Zhang L.; Mo F. Acta Chim. Sinica 2020, 78, 1297 (in Chinese). doi: 10.6023/A20070294
	(刘谦益, 张雷, 莫凡洋, 化学学报, 2020, 78, 1297). doi: 10.6023/A20070294
[7]	(a) Walton J. C. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 1726. doi: 10.1002/anie.200805362 pmid: 19173269
	(b) Ueng S.-H.; Solovyev A.; Yuan X.; Geib S. J.; Fensterbank L.; Lacote E.; Malacria M.; Newcomb M.; Walton J. C.; Curran D. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 11256. doi: 10.1021/ja904103x pmid: 19173269
	(c) Gu Q.; Peng T.; Bo M.; Wang Y. Chin. J. Org. Chem. 2023, 43, 1832. doi: 10.6023/cjoc202212030 pmid: 19173269
[8]	(a) Peng T.-Y.; Zhang F.-L.; Wang Y.-F. Acc. Chem. Res. 2023, 56, 169. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00752 pmid: 34250526
	(b) Jin J.; Xia H.; Zhang F.; Wang Y. Chin. J. Org. Chem. 2020, 40, 2185 (in Chinese). doi: 10.6023/cjoc202005017 pmid: 34250526
	(靳继康, 夏慧敏, 张凤莲, 汪义丰, 有机化学, 2020, 40, 2185) doi: 10.6023/cjoc202005017 pmid: 34250526
	(c) Tian Y.-M.; Guo X.-N.; Braunschweig H.; Radius U.; Marder B. Chem. Rev. 2021, 121, 3561. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01236 pmid: 34250526
	(d) Taniguchi T. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2021, 50, 8995. doi: 10.1039/d1cs00385b pmid: 34250526
[9]	(a) Baban J. A.; Roberts B. P. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1983, 1224.
	(b) Baban J. A.; Marti V. P. J.; Roberts B. P. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1985, 1723.
[10]	(a) Roberts B. P. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1999, 28, 25. doi: 10.1039/a804291h
	(b) Paul V.; Roberts B. P. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1988, 1183.
	(c) Dang H.-S.; Roberts B. P. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 891.
	(d) Dang H.-S.; Roberts B. P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 32, 4621.
	(e) Dang H.-S.; Roberts B. P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 41, 6169.
	(f) Cai Y.; Dang H.-S.; Roberts B. P. Tetrahedron Lett. 2004, 45, 4405. doi: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.03.165
[11]	Lei G.; Xu M.; Chang R.; Funes-Ardoiz I.; Ye J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143, 11251. doi: 10.1021/jacs.1c05852
[12]	Yang X.; Ma M.; Xu M.; Pang Y.; Zhao H.; Ye J. Chin. J. Chem. 2024, 42, 3227. doi: 10.1002/cjoc.v42.24
[13]	Kim1 J.; Constantin1 T.; Simonetti1 M.; Llaveria J.; Sheikh N.S.; Leonori D. Nature 2021, 595, 677. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03637-6
[14]	Li Y.; Zhou Y.; Zhou D.; Jiang Y.; Butt M.; Yang H.; Que Y.; Li Z.; Chen G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2024, 146, 21428. doi: 10.1021/jacs.4c03865
[15]	Song L.; Zhuang J.-L.; Xiong P.; Xu H.-C. Green Chem. 2025, 27, 10556. doi: 10.1039/D5GC03231H
[16]	Jiang H.-W.; Yu W.-L.; Wang D.; Xu P.-F. ACS Catal. 2024, 14, 8666. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.4c00401
[17]	Buettner C. S.; Stavagna C.; Tilby M. J.; Górski B.; Douglas J. J.; Yasukawa N.; Leonori D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2024, 146, 24042. doi: 10.1021/jacs.4c07767
[18]	Jiang H.-W.; Qin H.-N.; Wang A.-L.; Zhang R.; Xu P.-F. Org. Lett. 2024, 26, 9282. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03443
[19]	Stavagna C.; Buettner C. S. Synthesis 2025, 57, 2589. doi: 10.1055/a-2501-3442
[20]	Arpa E. M.; Rivera-Chao E.; Obradović L.; Corpas J. Synthesis 2025, 57, 2599. doi: 10.1055/a-2464-8904
[21]	Yasukawa N.; Okada W.; Fimm M.; Kawamura R.; Nomura R.; Takehara T.; Suzuki T.; Leonori D.; Nakamura S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, 64, e202514741.
[22]	(a) Xu W.; Jiang H.; Leng J.; Ong H.-W.; Wu J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 4009. doi: 10.1002/anie.v59.10 pmid: 20104896
	(b) Xia P.-J.; Ye Z.-P.; Hu Y.-Z.; Xiao J.-A.; Chen K.; Xiang H.-Y.; Chen X.-Q.; Yang H. Org. Lett. 2020, 22, 1742. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00020 pmid: 20104896
	(c) Miao Y.-Q.; Pan Q.-J.; Kang J.-X.; Dai X.; Liu Z.; Chen X. Org. Chem. Front. 2024, 11, 1462. doi: 10.1039/D4QO00058G pmid: 20104896
	(d) Takahashi K.; Shimoi M.; Watanabe T.; Maeda K.; Geib S. J.; Curran D. P.; Taniguchi T. Org. Lett. 2020, 22, 2054. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00481 pmid: 20104896
	(e) Walton J. C.; Brahmi M. M.; Fensterbank L.; Lacôte E.; Malacria M.; Chu Q.; Ueng S.-H.; Solovyev A.; Curran D. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 2350. doi: 10.1021/ja909502q pmid: 20104896
[23]	Yoshida Y.; Okada W.; Takada K.; Nakamura S.; Yasukawa N. Org. Lett. 2025, 27, 2542. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c04701
[24]	(a) Curran D. P.; Seong C. M. Synlett 1991, 1991, 107. doi: 10.1055/s-1991-20644 pmid: 26050710
	(b) Kawamoto T.; Geib S. J.; Curran D. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 8617. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b04677 pmid: 26050710
[25]	Yoshida Y.; Okada W.; Takada K.; Nakamura S.; Yasukawa N. Org. Lett. 2025, 27, 7236. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5c02217
[26]	Zhang Z.-Q.; Sang Y.-Q.; Wang C.-Q.; Dai P.; Xue X.-S.; Piper J. L.; Peng Z.-H.; Ma J.-A.; Zhang F.-G.; Wu J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144, 14288. doi: 10.1021/jacs.2c05356
[27]	Zhang Z.-Q.; Wang C.-Q.; Li L.-J.; Piper J. L.; Peng Z.-H.; Ma J.-A.; Zhang F.-G.; Wu J. Chem. Sci. 2023, 14, 11546. doi: 10.1039/D3SC03951J
[28]	Li W.; Huang Z.; Zhong D.; Li H. Org. Lett. 2024, 26, 2062. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00314
[29]	Park C.; Lee S. Org. Lett. 2025, 27, 13892. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5c04439
[30]	(a) Yasukawa N.; Naito S.; Obata K.; Nakamura S. Synthesis 2025, 57, 2609. doi: 10.1055/a-2427-9313
	(b) Park C.; Gi S.; Yoon S.; Kwon S.; Lee S. Org. Chem. Front. 2025, 12, 1874. doi: 10.1039/D4QO02325K
[31]	Corpas J.; Alonso M.; Leonori D. Chem. Sci. 2024, 15, 19113. doi: 10.1039/D4SC06516F
[32]	Deng C.; Wu H.; Li S.; Chen L.; Liu X.; Liu P. ACS Catal. 2025, 15, 1294. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.4c06628
[33]	Zhang Z.; Tilby M. J.; Leonori D. Nat. Synth. 2024, 3, 1221. doi: 10.1038/s44160-024-00587-5
[34]	Li K.-R.; He X.-C.; Gao J.; Liu Y.-L.; Chen H.-B.; Xiang H.-Y.; Chen K.; Yang H. J. Org. Chem. 2024, 89, 12658. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01605
[35]	Zhang Z.; Poletti L.; Leonori D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2024, 146, 22424. doi: 10.1021/jacs.4c05487
[36]	Fang C.-Z.; Zhang B.-B.; Tu Y.-L.; Liu Q.; Wang Z.-X.; Chen X.-Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2024, 146, 26574. doi: 10.1021/jacs.4c10915

胺-硼烷自由基的产生及其在有机合成中的应用

Amine-Ligated Boryl Radicals: Generation and Synthetic Applications

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Fig. & Tab. 26

References 36

Related Articles 5

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Yuhan Liu, Pan Gao. Direct Borylation of Organohalides Using Mechanochemically Generated Calcium-Based Heavy Grignard Reagents (R-CaX) [J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2024, 82(11): 1114-1119.
[2]	Liu Qianyi, Zhang Lei, Mo Fanyang. Organic Borylation Reactions via Radical Mechanism [J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2020, 78(12): 1297-1308.
[3]	Cheng, Zhongming, Chen, Pinhong, Liu, Guosheng. Enantioselective Cyanation of Remote C—H Bonds via Cooperative Photoredox and Copper Catalysis [J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2019, 77(9): 856-860.
[4]	LIAO Yu-Ting*, WANG Hai-Jiang ,RAO Huo-Yu ,ZHOU Si. Theoretical Study on the Inner Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactions of Protonated Di-oxa- or Thia-porphyrin [J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2008, 66(5): 520-524.
[5]	LIAO Yu-Ting*; RAO Huo-Yu; ZENG Hong-Jun; ZHU Xia-Ping. Theoretical Study on Transfer Reaction of Inner Hydrogen Atoms in Oxa- and Thia-Porphyrins [J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2006, 64(21): 2138-2144.