Research Progress on the Buchwald-Hartwig Amination Reactions Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Palladium Complexes

doi:10.6023/A26010032

Acta Chimica Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 84 ›› Issue (4): 521-571.DOI: 10.6023/A26010032 Previous Articles Next Articles

Review

氮杂环卡宾钯络合物催化Buchwald-Hartwig胺化反应研究进展

徐衍泽^a, 韩南南^a, 刁小琼^a, 袁金伟^a, 肖咏梅^a, 杨亮茹^a^,^*(), 屈凌波^b^,^c

^a 河南工业大学化学化工学院郑州 450000
^b 河南省科学院化学研究所郑州 450002
^c 郑州大学化工学院郑州 450000

投稿日期:2026-01-28 发布日期:2026-03-18
通讯作者: 杨亮茹
作者简介:
徐衍泽, 河南工业大学化学化工学院2023级在读硕士研究生, 主要从事氮杂环卡宾金属化合物的合成及催化性能研究.
韩南南, 河南工业大学化学化工学院2023级在读硕士研究生, 主要从事氮杂环卡宾金属化合物的合成及催化性能研究.
刁小琼, 博士, 河南工业大学化学化工学院讲师, 主要从事有机合成方法学及药物合成等方面的研究.
袁金伟, 博士, 河南工业大学化学化工学院教授, 博士生导师. 主要从事绿色有机合成、有机光催化、药物合成等方面的研究工作.
肖咏梅, 博士, 河南工业大学化学化工学院教授, 硕士生导师. 主要从事天然产物的结构改造及酶催化合成等方面的研究工作.
杨亮茹, 博士, 河南工业大学化学化工学院教授, 博士生导师. 主要研究方向为金属有机化学, 聚焦于氮杂环卡宾金属化合物的合成及性能研究.
屈凌波, 博士, 郑州大学化工学院教授, 河南省科学院化学研究所所长, 博士生导师. 主要研究方向为计算化学、药物化学、药物分子设计和药物分析.
基金资助:
河南省自然科学基金项目(242300420186); 河南省自然科学基金项目(252300421284); 河南省科技攻关项目(262102310429); 河南工业大学拓新团队培育项目(2025TXTD05)

Research Progress on the Buchwald-Hartwig Amination Reactions Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Palladium Complexes

Yanze Xu^a, Nannan Han^a, Xiaoqiong Diao^a, Jinwei Yuan^a, Yongmei Xiao^a, Liangru Yang^a^,^*(), Lingbo Qu^b^,^c

^a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
^b Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
^c School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China

Received:2026-01-28 Published:2026-03-18
Contact: Liangru Yang
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(242300420186); Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(252300421284); Key Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(262102310429); Innovative Funds Plan of Henan University of Technology(2025TXTD05)

Efficient construction of carbon-nitrogen (C—N) bonds is a pivotal step in the synthesis of numerous nitrogen-containing bioactive molecules. Among various synthetic strategies, the palladium-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig amination (BHA) reaction has emerged as a crucial method for building C—N bonds due to its mild conditions and broad substrate compatibility. Within this transformation, rational design of ligands plays a decisive role in reaction performance. Compared to traditional phosphine ligands, which are often sensitive to air and moisture and exhibit limited stability, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands possess strong σ-donating and weak π-accepting properties. The resulting NHC-Pd catalysts demonstrate excellent stability, tunable structures, and good functional group tolerance, significantly expanding the applicability of the BHA reaction. This review systematically summarizes the research progress of NHC-Pd complexes in this reaction over the past decade, including in situ generated NHC-Pd(0) types, well-defined NHC-Pd(II) types, and NHC-Pd(I) types. The design concepts, catalytic performance, and application examples in the synthesis of complex nitrogen-containing molecules are elaborated. Finally, challenges and future prospects in this field are discussed.

Key words: N-heterocyclic carbine, palladium catalysis, Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction, ligand design, C—N bond construction

Cite this article

Yanze Xu, Nannan Han, Xiaoqiong Diao, Jinwei Yuan, Yongmei Xiao, Liangru Yang, Lingbo Qu. Research Progress on the Buchwald-Hartwig Amination Reactions Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Palladium Complexes[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2026, 84(4): 521-571.

Export EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

share this article

Fig. & Tab. 98

Figure 1. Selected applications of C—N cross-coupling reactions and the pioneering progress of Nolan et al.[48]

Scheme 1. BHA Reaction catalyzed by Pd/NHC-salt 2

Scheme 2. BHA Reaction catalyzed by Pd/NHC-salt 3

Scheme 3. BHA Reaction catalyzed by Pd/NHC-salt 4

Scheme 4. BHA Reaction catalyzed by Pd/NHC-salt 5

Scheme 5. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 6

Scheme 6. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 7

Scheme 7. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 8

Scheme 8. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 9

Scheme 9. BHA Reaction of amide catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 9a

Scheme 10. BHA Reaction catalyzed by expanded-ring NHC-Pd complexes 10

Scheme 11. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 10a

Scheme 12. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 11

Scheme 13. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 12

Scheme 14. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 13

Scheme 15. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 14

Scheme 16. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 15

Scheme 17. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 16

Scheme 18. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 17

Scheme 19. Continuous flow BHA reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 18

Scheme 20. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 19

Scheme 21. BHA Reaction of aryl chlorides catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 20

Scheme 22. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 21

Scheme 23. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 22 and 23

Scheme 24. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 24

Scheme 25. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 25

Scheme 26. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 26

Scheme 27. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 27

Scheme 28. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 28

Scheme 29. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 29

Scheme 30. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 30

Scheme 31. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 31

Scheme 32. Synthesis of Pd-PEPPSI complexes 32

Scheme 33. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 33

Scheme 34. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 34

Scheme 35. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 35a

Scheme 36. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 36

Scheme 37. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 35

Scheme 38. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 37

Scheme 39. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 38

Scheme 40. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 39

Scheme 41. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 40

Scheme 42. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 41

Scheme 43. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 42

Scheme 44. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 43

Scheme 45. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 44

Scheme 46. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 45

Scheme 47. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 46

Scheme 48. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 47

Scheme 49. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 48

Scheme 50. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 49 and 50

Scheme 51. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 51

Scheme 52. BHA Reaction catalyzed by the mechanical of NHC-Pd complexes

Scheme 53. BHA Reaction catalyzed by [Pd-PEPPSI-IHeptCl] for the synthesis of PROTAC

Scheme 54. Selectivity in BHA reaction using NHC-Pd complexes

Scheme 55. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 52

Scheme 56. Chemoselective BHA reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd

Scheme 57. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd/RuPhos

Scheme 58. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes

课题组	配体	%Vbur^a	催化底物	反应条件	产率范围
Nolan	IPent	38.2%	未活化氯代芳烃	庚烷, 75 ℃	85%~98%^[77]
Organ	DiMeIHept^Cl	41.5%	位阻胺, 芳基氯	无溶剂, BCF活化	77%~98%^[80]
刘丰收	BIAN-IPent	40.3%	杂芳基氯/胺	空气, CPME	82%~99%^[128]
Szostak	ItOct	44.7%	芳基氯	KO^tBu, 120 ℃	86%^[136]
Szostak	IPr^#	44.7%	芳基氯, 酰胺	LiHDMS, 80 ℃	98%^[147]
Ananikov	IPr*^OMe	36.5%	杂芳基氯/胺	TPEDO, 105 ℃	80%~96%^[137]

Table 1. Comparison of catalytic performance of large steric hindrance NHC ligands and NHC-Pd complexes

Scheme 59. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 53

Scheme 60. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 54

Scheme 61. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 55

Scheme 62. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 56

Scheme 63. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 57

Scheme 64. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 58

Scheme 65. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 59

Scheme 66. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 60

Scheme 67. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 61

Scheme 68. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 62

Scheme 69. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 63

Scheme 70. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 64

Scheme 71. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 65

Scheme 72. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 66

Scheme 73. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NCS-Pincer NHC-Pd complex 67

Scheme 74. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 68

Scheme 75. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes 69

Scheme 76. BHA Reaction catalyzed by NHC-Pd(Ⅰ) complex 70

Scheme 77. BHA Reaction of tosylates catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex

Scheme 78. BHA Reaction of triflate catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 71

Scheme 79. BHA Reaction of aryl sulfides catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex

Scheme 80. BHA Reaction of diarylsulfoxides catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes

Scheme 81. BHA Reaction of aryl sulfides catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 72

Scheme 82. BHA Reaction of nitroarenes catalyzed by Pd/NHC-salt 73

Scheme 83. BHA Reaction of amide catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 11e

Scheme 84. BHA Reaction of amide catalyzed by NHC-Pd complexes

Scheme 85. BHA Reaction of amide catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 74

Scheme 86. BHA Reaction of amide catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 49a

Scheme 87. BHA Reaction of amide catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 75

Scheme 88. BHA Reaction of amide catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 32a

Scheme 89. BHA Reaction of amide catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 76

Scheme 90. BHA Reaction of amide catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex in green solvent

Scheme 91. BHA reaction of esters catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex

Scheme 92. BHA Reaction of esters catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 16c

Scheme 93. BHA Reaction of esters catalyzed by aNHC-Pd complexes 77

Scheme 94. BHA Reaction of esters catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 74

Scheme 95. BHA Reaction of esters catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 43c

Scheme 96. BHA Reaction of esters catalyzed by NHC-Pd complex 42

References 162

[163]	Xu, Y.-Z.; Yang, L.-R.; Yang, S.; Zeng, X.-G.; Li, Y.; Jiang, J.-W.; Yuan, J.-W.; Xiao, Y.-M.; Qu, L.-B. Appl. Organomet. Chem. 2025, 39, e70446. doi: 10.1002/aoc.v39.12
[164]	Mendoza-Espinosa, D.; González-Olvera, R.; Osornio, C.; Negrón-Silva, G. E.; Álvarez-Hernández, A.; Bautista-Hernández, C. I.; Suárez-Castillo, O. R. J. Organomet. Chem. 2016, 803, 142. doi: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.12.021
[165]	Karaca, E. Ö.; Gürbüz, N.; Şahin, O.; Büyükgüngör, O.; Özdemir, İ. Appl. Organomet. Chem. 2016, 30, 1050. doi: 10.1002/aoc.v30.12
[166]	Pirkl, N.; Del Grosso, A.; Mallick, B.; Doppiu, A.; Gooßen, L. J. Chem. Commun. 2019, 55, 5275. doi: 10.1039/C9CC02239B
[167]	Zhang, Y.; Lavigne, G.; César, V. J. Org. Chem. 2015, 80, 7666. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01272 pmid: 26161731
[168]	Duan, W.-Z.; Sun, Z.-F.; Huo, Y.-M.; Liu, Y.-K.; Wu, G.-Q.; Wang, R.-F.; Wu, S.; Yao, Q.-X.; Gong, S.-W. Appl. Organomet. Chem. 2018, 32, e4444. doi: 10.1002/aoc.v32.9
[1]	Guram, A. S.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7901. doi: 10.1021/ja00096a059
	Paul, F.; Patt, J.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5969. doi: 10.1021/ja00092a058
[2]	Louie, J.; Hartwig, J. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3609. doi: 10.1016/0040-4039(95)00605-C
[3]	Cheung, K. P. S.; Gevorgyan, V. Acc. Chem. Res. 2025, 58, 861. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00815
[4]	Hartwig, J. F. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2046. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19980817)37:15<2046::AID-ANIE2046>3.0.CO;2-L pmid: 29711045
[5]	Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 576, 125. doi: 10.1016/S0022-328X(98)01054-7
[6]	Lundgren, R. J.; Stradiotto, M. Chem.-Eur. J. 2012, 18, 9758. doi: 10.1002/chem.201201195 pmid: 22786694
[7]	Wolfe, J. P.; Wagaw, S.; Marcoux, J. F.; Buchwald, S. L. Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 805. doi: 10.1021/ar9600650
[8]	Torborg, C.; Beller, M. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2009, 351, 3027. doi: 10.1002/adsc.v351:18
[9]	Magano, J.; Dunetz, J. R. Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 2177. doi: 10.1021/cr100346g
[10]	Yamada, Y. M. A.; Sen, A. Synthesis 2024, 56, 3555. doi: 10.1055/a-2344-5677
[11]	Gildner, P. G.; Colacot, T. J. Organometallics 2015, 34, 5497. doi: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00567
[12]	Ruiz-Castillo, P.; Buchwald, S. L. Chem. Rev. 2016, 116, 12564. pmid: 27689804
[13]	Bera, S. S.; Utecht-Jarzyńska, G.; Yang, S.; Nolan, S. P.; Szostak, M. Chem. Rev. 2025, 125, 5349. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5c00088
[14]	Vitaku, E.; Smith, D. T.; Njardarson, J. T. J. Med. Chem. 2014, 57, 10257. doi: 10.1021/jm501100b pmid: 25255204
[15]	Marshall, C. M.; Federice, J. G.; Bell, C. N.; Cox, P. B.; Njardarson, J. T. J. Med. Chem. 2024, 67, 11622. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01122
[16]	Emadi, R.; Bahrami Nekoo, A.; Molaverdi, F.; Khorsandi, Z.; Sheibani, R.; Sadeghi-Aliabadi, H. RSC Adv. 2023, 13, 18715. doi: 10.1039/d2ra07412e pmid: 37346956
[17]	Hartwig, J. F. Nature 2008, 455, 314. doi: 10.1038/nature07369
[18]	Surry, D. S.; Buchwald, S. L. Chem. Sci. 2011, 2, 27. doi: 10.1039/C0SC00331J
[19]	Bariwal, J.; Van der Eycken, E. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 9283. doi: 10.1039/c3cs60228a
[20]	Heravi, M. M.; Kheilkordi, Z.; Zadsirjan, V.; Heydari, M.; Malmir, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 2018, 861, 17. doi: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.02.023
[21]	Surry, D. S.; Buchwald, S. L. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 6338. doi: 10.1002/anie.v47:34
[22]	Ingoglia, B. T.; Wagen, C. C.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron 2019, 75, 4199. doi: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.05.003 pmid: 31896889
[23]	Hartwig, J. F.; Shaughnessy, K. H.; Shekhar, S.; Green, R. A. In Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Halides, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, 2019, pp. 853-958.
[24]	Buchwald, S. L.; Hartwig, J. F. Isr. J. Chem. 2020, 60, 177. doi: 10.1002/ijch.201900167 pmid: 35645408
[25]	Dhanjee, H. H.; Buslov, I.; Windsor, I. W.; Raines, R. T.; Pentelute, B. L.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 21237. doi: 10.1021/jacs.0c09180 pmid: 33319995
[26]	Herrmann, W. A.; Elison, M.; Fischer, J.; Köcher, C.; Artus, G. R. J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1995, 34, 2371. doi: 10.1002/anie.v34:21
[27]	Arduengo, A. J. III; Harlow, R. L.; Kline, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 361. doi: 10.1021/ja00001a054
[28]	Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 1290. doi: 10.1002/1521-3773(20020415)41:8<>1.0.CO;2-M
[29]	Crabtree, R. H. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2013, 257, 755. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.09.006
[30]	Hopkinson, M. N.; Richter, C.; Schedler, M.; Glorius, F. Nature 2014, 510, 485. doi: 10.1038/nature13384
[31]	Soleilhavoup, M.; Bertrand, G. Acc. Chem. Res. 2015, 48, 256. doi: 10.1021/ar5003494
[32]	Peris, E. Chem. Rev. 2017, 118, 9988. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00695
[33]	Vivancos, Á.; Segarra, C.; Albrecht, M. Chem. Rev. 2018, 118, 9493. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00148 pmid: 30014699
[34]	Bellotti, P.; Koy, M.; Hopkinson, M. N.; Glorius, F. Nat. Rev. Chem. 2021, 5, 711. doi: 10.1038/s41570-021-00321-1 pmid: 37118184
[35]	Yang, L.-R.; Guo, M.-L.; Yuan, J.-W.; Wang, J.-M.; Xia, Y.-T.; Xiao, Y.-M.; Mao, P. Chin. J. Org. Chem. 2023, 43, 2002 (in Chinese). doi: 10.6023/cjoc202211006
	(杨亮茹, 郭梦丽, 袁金伟, 王佳美, 夏宇婷, 肖咏梅, 毛璞, 有机化学, 2023, 43, 2002.) doi: 10.6023/cjoc202211006
[36]	Sun, C.; Zhou, Q.; Li, C.-Y.; Wang, L. Chin. J. Org. Chem. 2024, 44, 1957 (in Chinese). doi: 10.6023/cjoc202311013
	(孙超, 周泉, 李传莹, 王磊, 有机化学, 2024, 44, 1957.) doi: 10.6023/cjoc202311013
[37]	Gao, Y.-Y.; Liang, Y.-J.; Li, G.; Li, L.; Hu, Z.-Y.; Lin, W.-H.; Huang, X.-H.; Chen, Y.; Du, X.; Yu, P.; Song, Q.; Liu, L. ACS Catal. 2025, 15, 9346. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.5c01629
[38]	Jiang, D.; Wu, Z.; Wang, J. Chin. J. Chem. 2020, 38, 135. doi: 10.1002/cjoc.v38.2
[39]	Zhao, C.; Blaszczyk, S. A.; Wang, J. Green Synth. Catal. 2021, 2, 198.
[40]	Huang, X.-H.; Lin, Y.-R.; Li, Z.-D.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, X.; Gao, Y.-Y.; Gong, X.-J.; Li, F.; Liu, L.-T. Chin. J. Org. Chem. 2025, 45, 3847 (in Chinese). doi: 10.6023/cjoc202504014
	(黄雪辉, 林艳如, 李兆迪, 张悦, 王鑫, 高媛媛, 宫晓杰, 李飞, 刘澜涛, 有机化学, 2025, 45, 3847.)
[41]	Liu, X.-D.; Shi, S.-L. Chin. J. Org. Chem. 2024, 44, 1884 (in Chinese). doi: 10.6023/cjoc202401027
	(刘晓东, 施世良, 有机化学, 2024, 44, 1884.) doi: 10.6023/cjoc202401027
[42]	Liu, T.-T.; Hu, Y.-C.; Shen, A. Chin. J. Org. Chem. 2023, 43, 622 (in Chinese). doi: 10.6023/cjoc202206033
	(刘婷婷, 胡宇才, 沈安, 有机化学, 2023, 43, 622 ) doi: 10.6023/cjoc202206033
[43]	Zhang, J.-M.; Gao, J.; Feng, J.; Lu, T.; Du, D. Chin. J. Org. Chem. 2021, 41, 3792 (in Chinese).
	(张建明, 高健, 冯捷, 陆涛, 杜鼎, 有机化学, 2021, 41, 3792.)
[44]	Du, M.; Yang, C.-B.; Chen, Q.; Deng, L. Acta Chim. Sinica 2024, 82, 932 (in Chinese). doi: 10.6023/A24060203
	(杜牧, 杨程博, 陈琦, 邓亮, 化学学报, 2024, 82, 932.) doi: 10.6023/A24060203
[45]	Fan, Y.-M.; Cheng, J.; Gao, Y.-F.; Shi, M.; Deng, L. Acta Chim. Sinica 2018, 76, 445 (in Chinese). doi: 10.6023/A18030095
	(凡一明, 程骏, 高亚飞, 施敏, 邓亮, 化学学报, 2018, 76, 445.) doi: 10.6023/A18030095
[46]	Zhang, R.; Xu, Q.; Shi, M. Acta Chim. Sinica 2012, 70, 1593 (in Chinese). doi: 10.6023/A12060275
	(张睿, 徐琴, 施敏, 化学学报, 2012, 70, 1593.) doi: 10.6023/A12060275
[47]	Huang, J.; Grasa, G.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 1999, 1, 1307. doi: 10.1021/ol990987d
[48]	Díez-González, S.; Marion, N.; Nolan, S. P. Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 3612. doi: 10.1021/cr900074m pmid: 19588961
[49]	Campbell, C. D.; Ling, K. B.; Smith, A. D. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in Organocatalysis, Ed.: Cazin, C. S. J., Springer, Dordrecht, 2011, pp. 263-297.
[50]	Albrecht, M. In N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Effective Tools for Organometallic Synthesis, Ed.: Nolan, S. P., John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, 2015, 54, 5822.
[51]	Kantchev, E. A.; O'Brien, C. J.; Organ, M. G. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 2768. doi: 10.1002/anie.v46:16
[52]	Fortman, G. C.; Nolan, S. P. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2011, 40, 5151. doi: 10.1039/c1cs15088j pmid: 21731956
[53]	Dastgir, S.; Coleman, K. S.; Cowley, A. R.; Green, M. L. H. Organometallics 2010, 29, 4858. doi: 10.1021/om1000327
[54]	Vougioukalakis, G. C.; Grubbs, R. H. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 1746. doi: 10.1021/cr9002424 pmid: 20000700
[55]	Xu, Q.; Gu, P.; Jiang, H.-C.; Wei, Y.; Shi, M. Chem. Rec. 2016, 16, 2740. doi: 10.1002/tcr.v16.6
[56]	Wang, F.-J.; Liu, L.-J.; Wang, W.-F.; Li, S.-K.; Shi, M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2012, 256, 804. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.11.013
[57]	Valente, C.; Çalimsiz, S.; Hoi, K. H.; Mallik, D.; Sayah, M.; Organ, M. G. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 3314. doi: 10.1002/anie.201106131 pmid: 22287485
[58]	Riener, K.; Haslinger, S.; Raba, A.; Högerl, M. P.; Cokoja, M.; Herrmann, W. A.; Kühn, F. E. Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 5215. doi: 10.1021/cr4006439
[59]	Iglesias, M.; Oro, L. A. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2018, 47, 2772. doi: 10.1039/C7CS00743D pmid: 29557434
[60]	Bera, S. S.; Szostak, M. ACS Catal. 2022, 12, 3111. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05869
[61]	Yang, S.-Y.; Zhou, T.-L.; Yu, X.; Szostak, M. Molecules 2023, 28, 950. doi: 10.3390/molecules28030950
[62]	Gao, P.-C.; Szostak, M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2023, 485, 215110. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215110
[63]	Zhou, T.; Utecht-Jarzyńska, G.; Szostak, M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2024, 512, 215867. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2024.215867
[64]	Zhang, J.; Rahman, M. M.; Zhao, Q.; Feliciano, J.; Bisz, E.; Dziuk, B.; Lalancette, R.; Szostak, R.; Szostak, M. Organometallics 2022, 41, 1806. doi: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00019 pmid: 36213557
[65]	Lei, P.; Wang, Y.-B.; Zhang, C.-X.; Hu, Y.-G.; Feng, J.-T.; Ma, Z.-Q.; Liu, X.-L.; Szostak, R.; Szostak, M. Org. Lett. 2022, 24, 6310. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02534
[66]	Zhou, T.; Gao, P.; Bisz, E.; Dziuk, B.; Lalancette, R.; Szostak, R.; Szostak, M. Catal. Sci. Technol. 2022, 12, 6581. doi: 10.1039/D2CY01136K
[67]	Yang, S.; Yu, X.; Liu, Y.; Tomasini, M.; Caporaso, L.; Poater, A.; Cavallo, L.; Cazin, C. S. J.; Nolan, S. P.; Szostak, M. J. Org. Chem. 2023, 88, 10858. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00912 pmid: 37467445
[68]	Zhou, T.; Gao, P.; Lalancette, R.; Szostak, R.; Szostak, M. Nat. Chem. 2024, 16, 2025. doi: 10.1038/s41557-024-01624-8
[69]	Utecht-Jarzyńska, G.; Shi, S.; Gao, P.; Jarzyński, S.; Mahbubur Rahman, M.; Lalancette, R.; Szostak, R.; Szostak, M. Chem.-Eur. J. 2024, 30, e202486401. doi: 10.1002/chem.v30.64
[70]	Yang, L.-R.; Bian, H.-Y.; Mai, W.-P.; Mao, P.; Xiao, Y.-M.; Wei, D.; Qu, L.-B. Turk. J. Chem. 2015, 39, 121. doi: 10.3906/kim-1404-67
[71]	Kucukbay, H.; Yılmaz, Ü.; Yavuz, K.; Buğday, N. Turk. J. Chem. 2015, 39, 1265. doi: 10.3906/kim-1505-34
[72]	Merschel, A.; Glodde, T.; Neumann, B.; Stammler, H.-G.; Ghadwal, R. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 2969. doi: 10.1002/anie.202014328 pmid: 33155756
[73]	Zhu, Y.-Q.; Zhang, R.; Sang, W.; Wang, H.-J.; Wu, Y.; Yu, B.-Y.; Zhang, J.-C.; Cheng, H.; Chen, C. Org. Chem. Front. 2020, 7, 1981. doi: 10.1039/D0QO00361A
[74]	Viciu, M. S.; Germaneau, R. F.; Navarro-Fernandez, O.; Stevens, E. D.; Nolan, S. P. Organometallics 2002, 21, 5470. doi: 10.1021/om020804i
[75]	Cämmerer, S. S.; Viciu, M. S.; Stevens, E. D.; Nolan, S. P. Synlett 2003, 12, 1871.
[76]	Marelli, E.; Chartoire, A.; LeDuc, G.; Nolan, S. P. ChemCatChem 2015, 7, 4021. doi: 10.1002/cctc.v7.24
[169]	Gao, K.; Yorimitsu, H.; Osuka, A. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2015, 2015, 2678. doi: 10.1002/ejoc.v2015.12
[170]	Sugahara, T.; Murakami, K.; Yorimitsu, H.; Osuka, A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 9329. doi: 10.1002/anie.v53.35
[171]	Yoshida, Y.; Otsuka, S.; Nogi, K.; Yorimitsu, H. Org. Lett. 2018, 20, 1134. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00060 pmid: 29393652
[172]	Yang, S.-Y.; Yu, X.; Poater, A.; Cavallo, L.; Cazin, C. S. J.; Nolan, S. P.; Szostak, M. Org. Lett. 2022, 24, 9210. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03717
[173]	Chen, W.; Chen, K.; Chen, W.-Z.; Liu, M.-C.; Wu, H.-Y. ACS Catal. 2019, 9, 8110. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02760
[174]	Chen, W.; Chen, K.; Wang, X.-J.; Yang, L.-J.; Chen, W.-Z. RSC Adv. 2024, 14, 16624. doi: 10.1039/d4ra00921e pmid: 38784423
[175]	Meng, G.-R.; Lei, P.; Szostak, M. Org. Lett. 2017, 19, 2158. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00796
[176]	Li, G.-C.; Zhou, T.-L.; Poater, A.; Cavallo, L.; Nolan, S. P.; Szostak, M. Catal. Sci. Technol. 2020, 10, 710. doi: 10.1039/C9CY02080B
[77]	Rühling, A.; Rakers, L.; Glorius, F. ChemCatChem 2017, 9, 547. doi: 10.1002/cctc.v9.4
[78]	Sharif, S.; Day, J.; Hunter, H. N.; Lu, Y.; Mitchell, D.; Rodriguez, M. J.; Organ, M. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 18436. doi: 10.1021/jacs.7b09488
[79]	Semeniuchenko, V.; Sharif, S.; Day, J.; Chandrasoma, N.; Pietro, W. J.; Manthorpe, J.; Braje, W. M.; Organ, M. G. J. Org. Chem. 2021, 86, 10343. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01057
[80]	Semeniuchenko, V.; Sharif, S.; Rana, N.; Chandrasoma, N.; Braje, W. M.; Baker, R. T.; Manthorpe, J. M.; Pietro, W. J.; Organ, M. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2024, 146, 29224. doi: 10.1021/jacs.4c12203 pmid: 39388666
[81]	Topchiy, M. A.; Dzhevakov, P. B.; Rubina, M. S.; Morozov, O. S.; Asachenko, A. F.; Nechaev, M. S. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2016, 2016, 1908. doi: 10.1002/ejoc.v2016.10
[82]	Gribanov, P. S.; Philippova, A. N.; Topchiy, M. A.; Minaeva, L. I.; Asachenko, A. F.; Osipov, S. N. Molecules 2022, 27, 1999 doi: 10.3390/molecules27061999
[83]	Gribanov, P. S.; Philippova, A. N.; Topchiy, M. A.; Lypenko, D. A.; Dmitriev, A. V.; Tokarev, S. D.; Smol’yakov, A. F.; Rodionov, A. N.; Asachenko, A. F.; Osipov, S. N. Molecules 2024, 29, 2151. doi: 10.3390/molecules29092151
[84]	Zhang, Y.; Lavigne, G.; Lugan, N.; César, V. Chem.-Eur. J. 2017, 23, 13792. doi: 10.1002/chem.201702859 pmid: 28744934
[85]	Winkler, A.; Brandhorst, K.; Freytag, M.; Jones, P. G.; Tamm, M. Organometallics 2016, 35, 1160. doi: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00217
[86]	Ouyang, J.-S.; Liu, S.-Q.; Pan, B.-D.; Zhang, Y.-Q.; Liang, H.; Chen, B.; He, X.-B.; Chan, W. T. K.; Chan, A. S. C.; Sun, T.-Y.; Wu, Y.-D.; Qiu, L.-Q. ACS Catal. 2021, 11, 9252. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01929
[87]	Ouyang, J.-S.; Zhang, X.-Q.; Pan, B.-D.; Zou, H.; Chan, A. S. C.; Qiu, L.-Q. Org. Lett. 2023, 25, 7491. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02651
[88]	Han, W.; Ryu, H.; Kang, C.; Hong, S. Org. Lett. 2024, 26, 9891. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03709
[89]	Zinser, C. M.; Warren, K. G.; Nahra, F.; Al-Majid, A.; Barakat, A.; Islam, M. S.; Nolan, S. P.; Cazin, C. S. J. Organometallics 2019, 38, 2812. doi: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00326
[90]	Liu, Y.; Scattolin, T.; Gobbo, A.; Beliš, M.; Van Hecke, K.; Nolan, S. P.; Cazin, C. S. J. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2022, 2022, e202100840. doi: 10.1002/ejic.v2022.1
[91]	Espinosa, M. R.; Doppiu, A.; Hazari, N. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2020, 362, 5062. doi: 10.1002/adsc.202000987 pmid: 33384575
[92]	Carì, G.; Saito, R.; Zorba, L. P.; Ruggiero, T.; Van Hecke, K.; Cazin, C. S. J.; Nolan, S. P. Chem.-Eur. J. 2025, 31, e01967. doi: 10.1002/chem.v31.47
[93]	Chartoire, A.; Claver, C.; Corpet, M.; Krinsky, J.; Mayen, J.; Nelson, D.; Nolan, S. P.; Peñafiel, I.; Woodward, R.; Meadows, R. E. Org. Process Res. Dev. 2016, 20, 551. doi: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00349
[94]	Falß, S.; Tomaiuolo, G.; Perazzo, A.; Hodgson, P.; Yaseneva, P.; Zakrzewski, J.; Guido, S.; Lapkin, A.; Woodward, R.; Meadows, R. E. Org. Process Res. Dev. 2016, 20, 558. doi: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00350
[95]	Yaseneva, P.; Hodgson, P.; Zakrzewski, J.; Falß, S.; Meadows, R. E.; Lapkin, A. A. React. Chem. Eng. 2016, 1, 229. doi: 10.1039/C5RE00048C
[96]	Abi Fayssal, S.; Naret, T.; Huc, V.; Buendia, J.; Martini, C.; Schulz, E. Catal. Sci. Technol. 2021, 11, 5223. doi: 10.1039/D1CY00669J
[97]	Viciu, M. S.; Kissling, R. M.; Stevens, E. D.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 2229. doi: 10.1021/ol0260831
[98]	Yang, S.; Zhou, T.; Yu, X.; Nolan, S. P.; Szostak, M. Acc. Chem. Res. 2024, 57, 3343. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00549
[99]	Zhang, J.; Li, T.; Li, X.; Zhang, G.; Fang, S.; Yan, W.; Li, X.; Yang, X.; Ma, Y.; Szostak, M. Chem. Commun. 2022, 58, 7404. doi: 10.1039/D2CC02253B
[100]	Zhang, J.; Cai, J.-L.; Li, X.; Zhang, G.-P.; Yan, W.-X.; Li, R.-J.; Tong, J.-B.; Szostak, M. J. Catal. 2024, 439, 115783. doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115783
[101]	Viciu, M. S.; Kelly, R. A.; Stevens, E. D.; Naud, F.; Studer, M.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2003, 5, 1479. doi: 10.1021/ol034264c
[102]	Broggi, J.; Clavier, H.; Nolan, S. P. Organometallics 2008, 27, 5525. doi: 10.1021/om8006689
[103]	Zuo, B.; Shao, H.; Qu, E.-D.; Ma, Y.-H.; Li, W.-F.; Huang, M.-X.; Deng, Q.-Y. ChemistrySelect 2021, 6, 10121. doi: 10.1002/slct.v6.38
[104]	Deng, Q.-Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhu, H.-B.; Tu, T. Chem.-Asian J. 2017, 12, 2364. doi: 10.1002/asia.v12.18
[105]	Anusha, G.; Reddy, M. V. K.; Govardhana, R. P. V. ChemistrySelect 2018, 3, 13182. doi: 10.1002/slct.v3.46
[106]	Fan, R.-Q.; Kuai, M.-Y.; Lin, D.; Bauer, F.; Fang, W.-W. Org. Lett. 2022, 24, 8688. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03580
[107]	Liu, F.; Hu, Y.-Y.; Li, D.; Zhou, Q.; Lu, J.-M. Tetrahedron 2018, 74, 5683. doi: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.07.052
[177]	Shi, S.; Szostak, M. Chem. Commun. 2017, 53, 10584. doi: 10.1039/C7CC06186B
[178]	Zhou, T.-L.; Li, G.-C.; Nolan, S. P.; Szostak, M. Org. Lett. 2019, 21, 3304. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01053
[179]	Buchspies, J.; Rahman, M. M.; Szostak, R.; Szostak, M. Org. Lett. 2020, 22, 4703. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01488 pmid: 32476426
[180]	Zhu, Y.-W.; Yang, S.-Y.; Zhou, T.-L.; Szostak, M. J. Org. Chem. 2024, 89, 16203. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00103
[181]	Lei, P.; Wang, Y.-B.; Mu, Y.-L.; Wang, Y.-J.; Ma, Z.-Q.; Feng, J.-T.; Liu, X.-L.; Szostak, M. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2021, 9, 14937. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c05307
[182]	Ben Halima, T.; Vandavasi, J. K.; Shkoor, M.; Newman, S. G. ACS Catal. 2017, 7, 2176. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00245
[183]	Dardir, A. H.; Melvin, P. R.; Davis, R. M.; Hazari, N.; Mohadjer Beromi, M. J. Org. Chem. 2018, 83, 469. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02588 pmid: 29191023
[184]	De la Fuente-Olvera, A. A.; Suárez-Castillo, O. R.; Mendoza- Espinosa, D. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2019, 2019, 4879. doi: 10.1002/ejic.201900918
[108]	Ostrowska, S.; Czapik, A.; Kwit, M.; Nolan, S. P. ChemCatChem 2023, 15, e202301124. doi: 10.1002/cctc.v15.24
[109]	Tian, X.-B.; Lin, J.; Zou, S.; Lv, J.-W.; Huang, Q.-F.; Zhu, J.; Huang, S.-P.; Wang, Q.-W. J. Organomet. Chem. 2018, 861, 125. doi: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.02.035
[110]	Navarro, O.; Marion, N.; Scott, N. M.; González, J.; Amoroso, D.; Bell, A.; Nolan, S. P. Tetrahedron 2005, 61, 9716. doi: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.06.081
[111]	Kim, M.; Shin, T.; Lee, A.; Kim, H. Organometallics 2018, 37, 3253. doi: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00413
[112]	Ageshina, A. A.; Sterligov, G. K.; Rzhevskiy, S. A.; Topchiy, M. A.; Chesnokov, G. A.; Gribanov, P. S.; Melnikova, E. K.; Nechaev, M. S.; Asachenko, A. F.; Bermeshev, M. V. Dalton Trans. 2019, 48, 3447. doi: 10.1039/C9DT00216B
[113]	Scattolin, T.; Voloshkin, V. A.; Martynova, E.; Vanden Broeck, S. M. P.; Beliš, M.; Cazin, C. S. J.; Nolan, S. P. Dalton Trans. 2021, 50, 9491. doi: 10.1039/d1dt01716k pmid: 34254628
[114]	Subramaniyan, V.; Dutta, B.; Govindaraj, A.; Mani, G. Dalton Trans. 2019, 48, 7203. doi: 10.1039/c8dt03413c pmid: 30657506
[115]	O'Brien, C. J.; Kantchev, E. A. B.; Valente, C.; Hadei, N.; Chass, G. A.; Lough, A.; Hopkinson, A. C.; Organ, M. G. Chem.-Eur. J. 2006, 12, 4743. doi: 10.1002/chem.v12:18
[116]	Tu, T.; Fang, W.; Jiang, J. Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 12358. doi: 10.1039/c1cc15503b
[117]	Organ, M. G.; Abdel-Hadi, M.; Avola, S.; Dubovyk, I.; Hadei, N.; Kantchev, E. A. B.; O'Brien, C. J.; Sayah, M.; Valente, C. Chem.-Eur. J. 2008, 14, 2443. doi: 10.1002/chem.v14:8
[118]	Guillet, S. G.; Voloshkin, V. A.; Saab, M.; Beliš, M.; Van Hecke, K.; Nahra, F.; Nolan, S. P. Chem. Commun. 2020, 56, 5953. doi: 10.1039/D0CC02262D
[119]	Zhang, Y.; César, V.; Lavigne, G. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2015, 2015, 2042. doi: 10.1002/ejoc.v2015.9
[120]	Sharif, S.; Rucker, R. P.; Chandrasoma, N.; Mitchell, D.; Rodriguez, M. J.; Froese, R. D. J.; Organ, M. G. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 9507. doi: 10.1002/anie.v54.33
[121]	Sharif, S.; Mitchell, D.; Rodriguez, M. J.; Farmer, J. L.; Organ, M. G. Chem.-Eur. J. 2016, 22, 14860. doi: 10.1002/chem.v22.42
[122]	Khadra, A.; Mayer, S.; Organ, M. G. Chem.-Eur. J. 2017, 23, 3206. doi: 10.1002/chem.201605490 pmid: 28066950
[123]	Lan, X.-B.; Li, Y.; Li, Y.-F.; Shen, D.-S.; Ke, Z.; Liu, F.-S. J. Org. Chem. 2017, 82, 2914. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02867
[124]	Chen, C.; Liu, F.-S.; Szostak, M. Chem.-Eur. J. 2021, 27, 4478. doi: 10.1002/chem.v27.14
[125]	Huang, F.-D.; Xu, C.; Lu, D.-D.; Shen, D.-S.; Li, T.; Liu, F.-S. J. Org. Chem. 2018, 83, 9144. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01205
[126]	Zhang, F.-Y.; Lan, X.-B.; Xu, C.; Yao, H.-G.; Li, T.; Liu, F.-S. Org. Chem. Front. 2019, 6, 3292. doi: 10.1039/C9QO00726A
[127]	Li, D.-H.; Lan, X.-B.; Song, A. X.; Rahman, M. M.; Xu, C.; Huang, F.-D.; Szostak, R.; Szostak, M.; Liu, F.-S. Chem.-Eur. J. 2022, 28, e202103341. doi: 10.1002/chem.v28.4
[128]	Topchiy, M. A.; Zotova, M. A.; Masoud, S. M.; Mailyan, A. K.; Ananyev, I. V.; Nefedov, S. E.; Asachenko, A. F.; Osipov, S. N. Chem.-Eur. J. 2017, 23, 6663. doi: 10.1002/chem.201700624 pmid: 28299841
[129]	Zheng, D.-Z.; Xiong, H.-G.; Song, A. X.; Yao, H.-G.; Xu, C. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2022, 20, 2096. doi: 10.1039/D1OB02051J
[130]	Ye, Y.-X.; Liu, Z.-X.; Wang, Y.-Z.; Zhang, Y.; Yin, F.; He, Q.; Peng, J.-H.; Tan, K.; Shen, Y.-H. Tetrahedron Lett. 2022, 107, 154125. doi: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154125
[131]	Peng, J.-H.; He, Q.; Wen, J.-R.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, Y.-Z.; Ye, Y.-X.; Shen, Y.-H. J. Org. Chem. 2024, 89, 9322. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00418
[132]	Reddy, M. V. K.; Anusha, G.; Reddy, P. V. G. New J. Chem. 2020, 44, 11694. doi: 10.1039/D0NJ01294G
[133]	Davalos, A. R.; Sylvester, E.; Diver, S. T. Organometallics 2019, 38, 2338. doi: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00152
[134]	Rahman, M. M.; Zhao, Q.; Meng, G.-R.; Lalancette, R.; Szostak, R.; Szostak, M. Molecules 2023, 28, 5833. doi: 10.3390/molecules28155833
[135]	Rahman, M. M.; Meng, G.-R.; Bisz, E.; Dziuk, B.; Lalancette, R.; Szostak, R.; Szostak, M. Chem. Sci. 2023, 14, 5141. doi: 10.1039/D3SC01006F
[136]	Astakhov, A. V.; Chernenko, A. Y.; Kutyrev, V. V.; Ranny, G. S.; Minyaev, M. E.; Chernyshev, V. M.; Ananikov, V. P. Inorg. Chem. Front. 2023, 10, 218. doi: 10.1039/D2QI01832B
[137]	Marigo, N.; Morgenstern, B.; Biffis, A.; Munz, D. Organometallics 2023, 42, 1567. doi: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00150
[138]	Balogh, J.; Hlil, A. R.; El-Zoghbi, I.; Rafique, M. G.; Chouikhi, D.; Al-Hashimi, M.; Bazzi, H. S. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2017, 38, 1700214. doi: 10.1002/marc.v38.15
[139]	Cao, Q.; Nicholson, W. I.; Jones, A. C.; Browne, D. L. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2019, 17, 1722. doi: 10.1039/C8OB01781F
[140]	Hayhow, T. G.; Borrows, R. E. A.; Diène, C. R.; Fairley, G.; Fallan, C.; Fillery, S. M.; Scott, J. S.; Watson, D. W. Chem.-Eur. J. 2020, 26, 16818. doi: 10.1002/chem.v26.70
[141]	Lombardi, C.; Rucker, R. P.; Froese, R. D. J.; Sharif, S.; Champagne, P. A.; Organ, M. G. Chem.-Eur. J. 2019, 25, 14223. doi: 10.1002/chem.v25.62
[142]	Saberov, V. S.; Korotkikh, N. I.; Avksentiev, A. S.; Yenya, V. I.; Rayenko, G. F. Theor. Exp. Chem. 2024, 59, 418. doi: 10.1007/s11237-024-09801-z
[143]	Suwal, S.; Rahman, M.; O’Brien, G.; Karambizi, V. G.; Wrotny, M.; Scott Goodman, M. New J. Chem. 2022, 46, 2605. doi: 10.1039/D1NJ05596H
[144]	Grebennikov, N. O.; Boiko, D. A.; Prima, D. O.; Madiyeva, M.; Minyaev, M. E.; Ananikov, V. P. J. Catal. 2024, 429, 115240. doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.115240
[145]	Chernyshev, V. M.; Khazipov, O. V.; Shevchenko, M. A.; Pasyukov, D. V.; Burykina, J. V.; Minyaev, M. E.; Eremin, D. B.; Ananikov, V. P. Organometallics 2022, 41, 1519. doi: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00166
[146]	Zhao, Q.; Meng, G.-R.; Li, G.-C.; Flach, C.; Mendelsohn, R.; Lalancette, R.; Szostak, R.; Szostak, M. Chem. Sci. 2021, 12, 10583. doi: 10.1039/d1sc02619d pmid: 34447551
[147]	Huang, P.; Wang, Y.-X.; Yu, H.-F.; Lu, J.-M. Organometallics 2014, 33, 1587. doi: 10.1021/om401028d
[148]	Sun, K.-X.; Zhou, J.-H.; He, Q.-W.; Shao, L.-X.; Lu, J.-M. Tetrahedron 2020, 76, 130944. doi: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.130944
[149]	Sun, K.-X.; He, Q.-W.; Xu, B.-B.; Wu, X.-T.; Lu, J.-M. Asian J. Org. Chem. 2018, 7, 781. doi: 10.1002/ajoc.v7.4
[150]	Zhang, Z.-M.; Xu, Y.-T.; Shao, L.-X. J. Organomet. Chem. 2021, 940, 121683. doi: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121683
[151]	Liu, F.; Zhu, Y.-R.; Song, L.-G.; Lu, J.-M. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2016, 14, 2563. doi: 10.1039/C6OB00013D
[152]	Kaloğlu, M.; Özdemir, İ. Catal. Lett. 2024, 154, 1479. doi: 10.1007/s10562-023-04432-w
[153]	Zhao, X.-Y.; Zhou, Q.; Lu, J.-M. RSC Adv. 2016, 6, 24484. doi: 10.1039/C6RA02556K
[154]	Yang, J. Appl. Organomet. Chem. 2017, 31, e3734. doi: 10.1002/aoc.v31.10
[155]	Wang, T.; Xu, K.; Liu, L.-T.; Xie, H.-P.; Li, Y.; Zhao, W.-X. Transition Met. Chem. 2016, 41, 525. doi: 10.1007/s11243-016-0048-1
[156]	Wang, T.; Xie, H.; Liu, L.-T.; Zhao, W.-X. J. Org. Chem. 2016, 804, 73.
[157]	Xia, Q.; Shi, S.; Gao, P.; Lalancette, R.; Szostak, R.; Szostak, M. J. Org. Chem. 2021, 86, 15648. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02183
[158]	Hsu, Y. C.; Chen, M. T. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2022, 2022, e202100828. doi: 10.1002/ejic.v2022.1
[159]	Chen, M.-T.; Hsu, M.; Lin, M.-C.; Lien, Y.-C.; Chen, K.-W. ChemistrySelect 2022, 7, e202201404. doi: 10.1002/slct.v7.27
[160]	Semeniuchenko, V.; Braje, W. M.; Organ, M. G. Chem.-Eur. J. 2021, 27, 12535. doi: 10.1002/chem.v27.49
[161]	Zhang, Z.-M.; Gao, Y.-J.; Lu, J.-M. Tetrahedron 2017, 73, 7308. doi: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.11.026
[162]	Liu, Y.; Voloshkin, V. A.; Scattolin, T.; Peng, M.; Van Hecke, K.; Nolan, S. P.; Cazin, C. S. J. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2022, 2022, e202200309.

氮杂环卡宾钯络合物催化Buchwald-Hartwig胺化反应研究进展

Research Progress on the Buchwald-Hartwig Amination Reactions Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Palladium Complexes

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Fig. & Tab. 98

References 162

Related Articles 10

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Dawei Zhang, Haiyang Zhao, Xiaotian Feng, Yucheng Gu, Xingang Zhang. Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Heteroaryl Bromides with gem-Difluoroallylborons [J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2024, 82(2): 105-109.
[2]	Yixiu Ge, Zaozao Qiu, Zuowei Xie. Pd-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of Difunctionalized o-Carboranes via Construction of B—C and B—Heteroatom Bonds^※ [J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2022, 80(4): 432-437.
[3]	Yunfang Xu, Yang Li, Zitong Fu, Shaoyan Lin, Jie Zhu, Lei Wu. Palladium-catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)-[3]Dendralenes [J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2022, 80(10): 1369-1375.
[4]	Li Zhong-Yuan, Jing Kun, Li Qi-Li, Wang Guan-Wu. Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling of Potassium Oxalate Monoester with 2-Aryloxypyridines [J]. Acta Chim. Sinica, 2019, 77(8): 729-734.
[5]	Zhou Xiao-Le, Su Yong-Liang, Wang Pu-Sheng, Gong Liu-Zhu. Asymmetric Allylic C-H Alkylation of 1,4-Dienes with Aldehydes [J]. Acta Chim. Sinica, 2018, 76(11): 857-861.
[6]	Zhang Zi-Jing, Tao Zhong-Lin, Arafate Adele, Gong Liu-Zhu. Asymmetric Carbonyl Allylation of Aldehydes with Allylic Alcohols under the Sequential Catalysis of Palladium Complex and Chiral Phosphoric Acid [J]. Acta Chim. Sinica, 2017, 75(12): 1196-1201.
[7]	Luo Feihua, Long Yang, Li Zhengkai, Zhou Xiangge. Palladium Catalyzed Arylation of C(sp³)-H Bonds of Carbonyl β-position in Water [J]. Acta Chim. Sinica, 2016, 74(10): 805-810.
[8]	Qian Changtao, Wang Chunhong, Chen Yaofeng. Sixty Years of the Chemistry of Rare-earth Organometallic Complexes [J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2014, 72(8): 883-905.
[9]	Cai Haiting, Li Dandan, Liu Zi, Wang Guanwu. Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative ortho-Acylation of O-Methyl Ketoximes via Direct sp² C—H Bond Activation [J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2013, 71(05): 717-721.
[10]	Zhang Binbin, Zhan Dan, Zhang Xiaoping, Xiang Qinjie, Zeng Qingle. Ligand-free Pd-Catalyzed C—N Coupling of Diphenylamine and Aryl Halides under Air [J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2012, 70(15): 1655-1659.