The effect of ammonia amounts and doping condition on the stability of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chlorine ([Bmim]Cl)/cyclohexane/n-butanol/cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) microemulsion were studied. The permeability of DAIME for biomass bamboo and the regularity for pretreatment were investigated further, and characterized by FT-IR and SEM. The DAIME system showed excellent stability after doping ammonia and changing temperature. The effect of ammonia and [Bmim]Cl endowed the DAIME system great permeability which could achieve more than 90%. DAIME pretreatment for biomass material showed perfect selectivity, and the cellulose was well protected, while the lignin had been degraded and removed partially. The lignin removal rate could achieve 33.7% after treating 16 h in 70 ℃. The FT-IR results indicated that the hemicellulose had been acetylated and the chemical bonds between lignin and carbohydrate (LCC) were broken during pretreatment process. The SEM demonstrated that the surface of biomass material significantly showed fault, fracture, and tremendous amount of holes after DAIME pretreatment.