Advances on Dimensional Structure Designs and Functional Applications of Aerogels
Received date: 2020-11-19
Online published: 2020-12-23
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(91963124); National Natural Science Foundation of China(51773225)
Aerogel is a kind of nanoporous materials with important scientific research significances and great engineering application values. Its preparation process involves basic scientific issues such as sol-gel chemical transformation, structure control, and interfacial tension elimination. Aerogels are ideal lightweight super thermal insulation materials due to their ultra-low density and ultra-low thermal conductivity, which are attractive properties for the applications in aerospace, transportation, and other applications with strict weight requirements. Thanks to the characteristics of high specific surface areas, high porosity, and continuous open pore structure, aerogels also have important potential applications in the fields of adsorption, catalysis, drug carrier, energy and environmental remediation. Recent years, great research interests in aerogels have gained from both academic and industrial fields. This review gives a brief overview of the relevant literatures and intellectual property rights since the first report of aerogels, and systematically summarizes the preparation methods of aerogels, types of aerogels, dimensional structure designs, and novel applications of aerogels developed in the past five years. For example, supramolecular aerogels, stimuli-responsive aerogels, aerogel fibers, additive manufacturing of aerogels have subverted traditional materials to a certain extent and broke through the limitations of traditional preparation methods. Finally, a brief summary of aerogels in recent years and prospect for the development of aerogels in the future are made.
Jing Wang , Jin Wang . Advances on Dimensional Structure Designs and Functional Applications of Aerogels[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2021 , 79(4) : 430 -442 . DOI: 10.6023/A20110531
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