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DOI: https://doi.org/10.6023/A25100334

Article

Plasma-assisted synthesis of ZnO:Er3+/Yb3+ hierarchical nanorods and their upconversion luminescence-based trimodal optical thermometry properties

  • Liu Qing ,
  • Chen Shuanglong ,
  • Wang Qiushi ,
  • Wang Xuejiao ,
  • Liu Cailong
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  • aBohai University, School of Physical Science and Technology, Jinzhou 121013;
    bBohai University, School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Jinzhou 121013;
    cLiaocheng University, School of Physical Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng 252000

Online published: 2025-12-10

Supported by

National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2023YFA1406200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11874174), the Xing Liao Ying Cai Program for Young Top-notch Talents (Grant No. XLYC2403017) and the General Program of the Education Department of Liaoning Province (Grant No. JYTMS20231627).

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Abstract

Through the DC arc discharge plasma method, ZnO:Er3+/Yb3+ hierarchical nanorod optical temperature-sensing materials were successfully prepared using ZnO powder, Er2O3 powder, and Yb2O3 powder as raw materials in an oxygen (O2) atmosphere. The crystal structure, morphological characteristics, and upconversion luminescence properties of the samples were systematically characterized through XRD, Raman, XPS, SEM, TEM, and photoluminescence analyses. Both XRD and Raman analyses indicated the absence of secondary phases in the samples, and the XRD and Raman spectra of ZnO:Er3+/Yb3+ exhibited a low-angle shift compared to undoped ZnO, confirming the substitution of Er or Yb ions at the main Zn lattice sites. XPS confirmed the coexistence of Zn, O, Er, and Yb elements, while EDS quantitative analysis revealed an atomic ratio of Zn:O:Er:Yb as 47.22:46.47:0.81:4.33. SEM results showed that the hierarchical nanorod structure consists of a robust main trunk and numerous radial branches grown from the main surface. Each nanorod maintained a uniform diameter along its entire length, with an average diameter ranging from 20 nm to 45 nm and a length of approximately 500 nm. HRTEM revealed that the adjacent lattice fringe spacing of the branched nanorods was about 0. 271 nm, corresponding to the (002) plane spacing of wurtzite-type ZnO, confirming their well-crystallized single-crystal structure. This result also indicated that the [001] crystal orientation is the primary growth direction of the ZnO nanorods. Photoluminescence studies identified characteristic emission peaks at 525 nm, 546 nm, and 662 nm in the visible region, attributed to the intra-4f electronic transitions of Er3+ ions. Through temperature-dependent luminescence tests from 298 K to 573 K, the maximum relative sensitivities of the fluorescence intensity ratios for the thermally coupled levels (2H11/2 and 4S3/2) and non-thermally coupled levels (4S3/2 and 4F9/2) were determined to be 1.03 % K-1 and 2.20 % K-1, respectively, while the maximum relative sensitivity of the 4S3/2 level fluorescence lifetime was 2.43 % K-1. In this study, a single luminescent center is used to achieve three-mode optical temperature measurement. The ZnO:Er3+/Yb3+ hierarchical nanorod optical temperature-sensing material demonstrated excellent signal discrimination and high sensitivity across a broad temperature range, highlighting its significant potential for applications in optical temperature sensing.

Key words： Zinc oxide; Rare earth doping; Optical temperature measurement; Upconversion luminescence; Fluorescence lifetime

Cite this article

Liu Qing , Chen Shuanglong , Wang Qiushi , Wang Xuejiao , Liu Cailong . Plasma-assisted synthesis of ZnO:Er3+/Yb3+ hierarchical nanorods and their upconversion luminescence-based trimodal optical thermometry properties[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 0 : 20251210 -20251210 . DOI: 10.6023/A25100334

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