Advances in the Total Synthesis of Ganoderma Meroterpenoids

doi:10.6023/cjoc202409039

Abstract

Ganoderma meroterpenoids are natural products containing aromatic ring with terpenoid fragments. In recent years, numerous Ganoderma meroterpenoids with novel carbon skeleton and different oxidation state were discovered by Chinese scientists. Among these natural product, anti-renal fibrosis, anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer’s disease, antioxidant, hypoglycemic activities and calcium channel inhibitory were reported. Therefore, these natural products have attracted attention from pharmacology and synthetic chemists. The progress on the total synthesis of Ganoderma meroterpenoids is summarized.

Key words: Ganoderma, meroterpenoids, total synthesis

Cite this article

Zhiyu Gao, Xuena Lu, Yiqing Li, Li Ren, Hongdong Hao. Advances in the Total Synthesis of Ganoderma Meroterpenoids[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2025, 45(3): 814-836.

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Fig. & Tab. 34

Figure 1. Selected representative meroterpenoids isolated from Ganoderma

Scheme 1. Total syntheses of linzhiol

Scheme 2. Yang’s total synthesis of (–)-lingzhiol

Scheme 3. Qin’s first-generation total synthesis of (±)-lingzhiol

Scheme 4. Qin’s second-generation total synthesis of (+)-lingzhiol

Scheme 5. Qin’s third-generation total synthesis of (–)-lingzhiol

Scheme 6. Birman’s total synthesis of (±)-lingzhiol

Scheme 7. (A) Xie’s total synthesis of (±)-lingzhiol, and (B) Schindler’s asymmetric total synthesis of (+)- and (–)-lingzhiol

Scheme 8. Maier’s total synthesis of (±)-lingzhiol

Scheme 9. Total syntheses of lingzhilactone B

Scheme 10. Qin’s total synthesis of (±)-lingzhilactone B

Scheme 11. Yang’s total synthesis of (±)-lingzhilactone B and (±)-sinensilactam A

Scheme 12. Qin’s total synthesis of (+)-lingzhilactone B, C and (+)-sinensilactam A

Scheme 13. Magauer’s synthesis of fragment 105

Scheme 14. Construction the core skeleton of ganoapplanin through radical addition/aldol reaction cascade

Scheme 15. Magauer’s total synthesis of (±)-ganoapplanin

Scheme 16. Magauer’s total synthesis of (±)-lingzhiol, (±)-lingzhilactone B and (±)-applanatumol E

Scheme 17. Qin’s total synthesis of (±)-cochlearol A

Scheme 18. Ishigami's formal synthesis of (±)-cochlearol A

Scheme 19. Chandrasekhar’s formal synthesis of (±)-cochlearol A

Scheme 20. Li and Wang’s total synthesis of (±)-ganocins B and C

Scheme 21. Zhao’s total synthesis of (±)-ganocins A~C

Scheme 22. Sugita’s total synthesis of (–)-cochlearol B

Scheme 23. Sugita’s total synthesis of (+)-ganocin A

Scheme 24. Schindler’s total synthesis of (+)-cochlearol B

Scheme 25. Tang and Li’s total synthesis of (±)-cochlearol B and (±)-ganocin A

Scheme 26. Zhao’s total synthesis of (±)-cochlearol B

Scheme 27. Total syntheses of lucidumone

Scheme 28. She’s synthetic study toward lucidumone

Scheme 29. De la Torre’s total synthesis of (+)-lucidumone

Scheme 30. Ito and Kawamoto’s total synthesis of (–)-lucidumone

Scheme 31. Li’s total synthesis of (–)-lucidumone

Scheme 32. Hu’s total synthesis of (±)-lucidumone

Figure 2. Other reported total synthesis of Ganoderma meroterpenoids

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