Evaporation-Processed X-Ray Imaging Scintillation Screen Based on Copper Clusters

doi:10.6023/cjoc202503007

Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (11): 4219-4226.DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202503007 Previous Articles Next Articles

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基于铜簇蒸镀加工的X射线成像闪烁屏

谢高瞻^a^,^*(), 陈丞^a, 张静茹^a, 肖东杰^a, 蔡敏月^a, 高其雅^a, 高之胜^a, 孙诚希^a, 李慧^a, 李欢欢^a, 陈润锋^a, 陶冶^a^,^b^,^*()

^a 南京邮电大学材料科学与工程学院柔性电子全国重点实验室柔性电子全国重点实验室南京 210023
^b 松山湖材料实验室广东东莞 523808

收稿日期:2025-03-07 修回日期:2025-04-25 发布日期:2025-05-30
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(22105104); 国家自然科学基金(22322106); 国家自然科学基金(22075149); 国家自然科学基金(62075102); 国家自然科学基金(22305126); 江苏特聘教授计划; 中国博士后自然基金(2023M731774); 南京邮电大学华礼人才项目; 松山湖材料实验室开放课题(2022SLABFN16); 有机电子与信息显示国家重点实验室(GZR2023010029); 江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究(24KJB430030); 南京邮电大学校级自然科学基金(NY224151)

Evaporation-Processed X-Ray Imaging Scintillation Screen Based on Copper Clusters

Gaozhan Xie^a^,^*(), Cheng Chen^a, Jingru Zhang^a, Dongjie Xiao^a, Minyue Cai^a, Qiya Gao^a, Zhisheng Gao^a, Chengxi Sun^a, Hui Li^a, Huanhuan Li^a, Runfeng Chen^a, Ye Tao^a^,^b^,^*()

^a State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023
^b Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808

Received:2025-03-07 Revised:2025-04-25 Published:2025-05-30
Contact: *E-mail: iamgzxie@njupt.edu.cn; iamytao@njupt.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(22105104); National Natural Science Foundation of China(22322106); National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075149); National Natural Science Foundation of China(62075102); National Natural Science Foundation of China(22305126); Jiangsu Specially Appointed Professor Plan; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M731774); Huali Talents Program of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications; Open Research Fund of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory(2022SLABFN16); Project of State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays(GZR2023010029); Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(24KJB430030); Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NY224151)

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Abstract

Organic-inorganic hybrid clusters with strong X-ray radioluminescence have exhibited great potential in scintillator field. However, fabricating the X-ray imaging screens of the clusters without sacrificing the scintillation performance is challenging. Herein, we report an effective way to prepare high-quality scintillation films of two synthesized Cu(I) clusters through vacuum evaporation deposition. The developed Cu(I) clusters with rigid molecular structures show excellent scintillation performance with a high light yield of up to 19356.7 photons/MeV and a low detection limit of 158 nGy/s. The scintillation film based on the Cu(I) clusters made by vacuum evaporation deposition is highly uniform with a small surface roughness value of 1.04 nm, which can be applied to X-ray imaging for various objects. These results not only provide important guidance to develop high-performance organic-inorganic hybrid scintillators, but also pave a straightforward way to prepare non-doped scintillation screens for remarkable X-ray imaging applications.

Key words: scintillator, radioluminescence, Cu(I) clusters, vacuum evaporation deposition, X-ray imaging

Cite this article

Gaozhan Xie, Cheng Chen, Jingru Zhang, Dongjie Xiao, Minyue Cai, Qiya Gao, Zhisheng Gao, Chengxi Sun, Hui Li, Huanhuan Li, Runfeng Chen, Ye Tao. Evaporation-Processed X-Ray Imaging Scintillation Screen Based on Copper Clusters[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2025, 45(11): 4219-4226.

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Figure 1. (a) Schematic diagram of the RL mechanism of Cu(I) clusters (Phos: phosphorescence, NR: non-radiative transition); (b) Schematic diagram of preparation of scintillation films by vacuum evaporation deposition method; (c) Chemical structures of [CuX(dppb)]2 complexes; (d) Evaporation-processed films of [CuX(dppb)]2 complexes under daylight (left) and X-ray (right)

Figure 2. (a) Normalized UV-Vis absorption spectra and steady-state emission spectra (excitation wavelength: 365 nm, temperature: 298 K) in pure films and in crystalline state for [CuX(dppb)]2 clusters; (b) Lifetime curves of [CuBr(dppb)]2 and [CuI(dppb)]2 crystals monitored at 510 and 500 nm, respectively (inset shows the PLQYs of the complex crystals); (c) Plot of the emission decay lifetime of [CuI(dppb)]2 versus temperature monitored at 505 nm; (d) Temperature dependence of SSPL spectra for [CuI(dppb)]2 crystals from 80 to 300 K; (e) Calculated HONTO and LUNTO distributions of [CuI(dppb)]2 at triplet (T1) state; (f) Diagram of geometry deviations between ground state (S0) and singlet (S1) states for the [CuBr(dppb)]2 (top) and [CuI(dppb)]2 (bottom) complexes (the structures at S0 and S1 states are depicted in deep-blue and red, respectively)

Figure 3. (a) Simulated X-ray absorption spectra and (b) X-ray attenuation efficiency as a function of material thickness of [CuX(dppb)]2 clusters; (c) RL spectra of [CuX(dppb)]2 crystals compared to commercial CsI:Tl, YAP:Ce, YAG:Ce scintillators under X-ray irradiation at a dose rate of 278 μGy/s; (d) Comparison of the integrated areas of RL spectra for the different types of scintillators; (e) RL spectra of [CuI(dppb)]2 crystal at different dose rates; (f) Linear behavior of the RL intensity for [CuI(dppb)]2 crystal as a function of X-ray irradiation dose rate; (g) X-ray photostability for [CuI(dppb)]2 crystal under continuous irradiation (top) and repeated on-off cycles (bottom) at 278 μGy/s; (h) RL mechanism for [CuX(dppb)]2 under X-ray excitation

Figure 4. (a) Schematic diagram of the optical apparatus for X-ray imaging; (b) AFM image of [CuI(dppb)]2 scintillator film; (c) Brightfield photograph (left) and X-ray imaging (right) of the standard resolution test template; Brightfield photographs (bottom) and X-ray imaging photos (top) of (d) a capsule fitted with a paper clip and (e) a ballpoint pen

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基于铜簇蒸镀加工的X射线成像闪烁屏

Evaporation-Processed X-Ray Imaging Scintillation Screen Based on Copper Clusters

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