Recent Progress of Porous Polymers for Lithium Metal Anodes Protection

doi:10.6023/A20100462

Acta Chimica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 79 ›› Issue (4): 378-387.DOI: 10.6023/A20100462 Previous Articles Next Articles

Review

多孔聚合物在锂金属负极保护中的研究进展

庄容^a, 许潇洒^a, 曲昌镇^a, 徐顺奇^b, 于涛^a, 王洪强^a^,^*(), 徐飞^a^,^*

a 西北工业大学材料学院凝固技术国家重点实验室纳米能源材料研究中心西安 710072
b 德累斯顿工业大学化学与食品学院德累斯顿 01062

投稿日期:2020-10-09 发布日期:2020-11-19
通讯作者: 王洪强, 徐飞

作者简介:

庄容, 2020年毕业于北京化工大学, 获工学硕士学位, 目前在徐飞副教授指导下攻读博士学位. 研究兴趣为COFs材料的功能化设计与合成及其在储能方向的应用.

许潇洒, 2017年毕业于陕西师范大学, 获工学硕士学位, 目前在王洪强教授和徐飞副教授指导下攻读博士学位, 研究兴趣为纳米晶功能化的COFs材料及其储能性能研究.

王洪强, 教授、博士生导师, 德国洪堡学者、欧盟玛丽居里学者及国家高层次人才青年项目入选者. 2015年加入西北工业大学. 主要面向高性能钙钛矿光电器件、光电化学水分解以及可充电电池等新能源器件用关键材料, 开展亚稳超纳材料的瞬态极端制造与应用研究.

徐飞, 西北工业大学材料学院副教授、博士生导师、洪堡学者, 于2009年和2015年在中山大学分别获得学士和博士学位, 2012~2014年在日本分子科学研究所从事联合培养博士研究, 2018~2020年在德累斯顿工业大学从事洪堡博士后研究. 主要研究方向为功能多孔聚合物和炭材料的创新制备及在电化学储能与吸附等领域的研究.

† These authors contributed equally to this work

基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51702262); 国家自然科学基金(51972270); 国家自然科学基金(51872179); 国家自然科学基金(51672225); 陕西省自然科学基金重点项目(2020JZ-07); 陕西省重点研发计划(2019TSLGY07-03)

Recent Progress of Porous Polymers for Lithium Metal Anodes Protection

Rong Zhuang^a, Xiaosa Xu^a, Changzhen Qu^a, Shunqi Xu^b, Tao Yu^a, Hongqiang Wang^a^,^*(), Fei Xu^a^,^*

a State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
b Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany

Received:2020-10-09 Published:2020-11-19
Contact: Hongqiang Wang, Fei Xu
About author:
* E-mail: feixu@nwpu.edu.cn; Tel.: 029-88460684; Fax: 029-88460684
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51702262); National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972270); National Natural Science Foundation of China(51872179); National Natural Science Foundation of China(51672225); Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2020JZ-07); Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2019TSLGY07-03)

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation high-energy-density devices, due to the high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential of lithium metal anode. However, the uncontrollable growth of Li dendrite, unstable Li/electrolyte interface and infinite volume fluctuation during charge/discharge process give rise to low Coulombic efficiency, poor cycle stability and even serious safety hazard from internal short-circuit via dendrite penetration through separators. These multifaceted problems severely hinder the practical applications of LMBs. Featured by high specific surface area, low density, controllable pore structure, and flexible molecular design of pore surface/skeleton functionality, porous polymers have received growing attention in electrochemical energy storage, especially for lithium anode protection. The nanopores and tailored functionalities could allow for facilitated Li ion transport, while inhibiting anions and regulating the grain size and distribution of LiF. The large pores are conducive to accommodating lithium deposition and lowing of local current density. Consequently, porous polymers have become the “new favorite” in the field of “dendrite-free” LMBs recently, which show great potential for stabilizing Li metal anode. However, explorations in this field still remain in their infancy, and the objective of this review is to briefly summarize the research progress of porous polymers, especially crystalline covalent organic frameworks for lithium metal anodes protection, by means of constructing the artificial solid electrolyte interphase layer, coating separator with functional layers and designing metal anode structure.

Key words: lithium metal battery, Li dendrite, anode protection, porous polymer, pore structure

Cite this article

Rong Zhuang, Xiaosa Xu, Changzhen Qu, Shunqi Xu, Tao Yu, Hongqiang Wang, Fei Xu. Recent Progress of Porous Polymers for Lithium Metal Anodes Protection[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2021, 79(4): 378-387.

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Fig. & Tab. 9

Figure 1. Mechanism illustration of Li dendrite growth[4]

Figure 2. The application of porous polymers for lithium metal anodes protection

Figure 3. (a) Preparation scheme of COF and the schematic diagram of Li plating/stripping. (b) Galvanostatic cycling profile of polished Li and COF-Li in a symmetrical cell[8]. (c) Schematic of inducing Li deposition via COF-LZU1[9]

Figure 4. (a) Schematic illustration of the electrochemical preparation of the COF-LiF hybrid interphase layer. (b) Cycling stability and coulombic efficiency of LiCOF-LiF@Li|NCM at 0.15 C under limited N/P ratios and electrolytes conditions. (c) Li deposition/dissolution profiles of LiCOF-LiF@Li at current densities from 1 mA•cm–2 to 30 mA•cm–2 with a deposition capacity of 5 mAh•cm–2. (d) Schematic illustration of the fast Li+ transport process through the optimized structures of the lithiated TpPa-COF[11]

Figure 5. (a) Schematic of the fabrication of 2D mPPy-GO heterostructure. (b) Ultralong time Coulombic efficiency test of mPPy-GO electrode with capacity of 0.5 mAh•cm–2 at 0.5 mA•cm–2. (c) Long-term cycling stability of full batteries based on mPPy-GO-Li anode with LiCoO2 cathodes[50]

Figure 6. (a) Schematic diagram of solvated/desolvated Li+ and the transport of cations and anions through different membranes. (b) The Li-ion transference number of the Li||Li cell with double-layer PEO/N-rGO/PVDF-HFP//COF-1 membrane (Inset of (b): the corresponding configuration of the cells for testing the ion transference number). The cycling performance of Li-Li4Ti5O12 full battery (c) and Li-LiFePO4 full battery (d)[13]

Figure 7. (a) Schematic of the structure of COF-LZU1 and Li-ion transport in the stacked 2D COF-LZU1. (b) Schematic of Li-ion deposition following the principle of Galton Board model. (c) Measurements of Li-ion transference numbers. (d) Comparison of electrochemical performance of Li||Li symmetric batteries with conventional separator and COF-LZU1/PP separator using different electrolyte[14]

Figure 8. (a) Electrokinetic phenomena in 3D PPS under an electric field. (b) Cycling performance of full cells using Li@3D PPS@Cu as the anodes and a high-areal-capacity LiFePO4 as the cathodes[15]. (c) Schematic illustration of the fabrication process of 3D MXene-MF scaffold for alkali metal anode. (d) Coulombic efficiency of 3D MXene-MF electrode at high current density of 50 mA•cm–2 for 50 mAh•cm–2. (e) Long-life symmetric cells galvanostatic cycling of MXene-MF-Li electrode at 10 mA•cm–2 with Li deposition capacity of 10 mAh•cm–2 [17]

材料	电流密度/ (mA•cm^–2)	容量/(mAh•cm^–2)	电解液	循环寿命	参考文献
COF	1	1	1 mol/L LiTFSI in DOL/DME (1∶1,V/V)	400 h	[8]
COF-LZU1	0.5	0.5	1 mol/L LiTFSI in DOL/DME (1∶1,V/V) with 1% (w) LiNO₃	2000 h	[9]
TpPa-COF	10	5	1 mol/L LiTFSI in DOL/DME (1∶1,V/V) with 1% (w) LiNO₃	200 h	[11]
AP-CTF-LiF	5	1	1 mol/L LiTFSI in DOL/DME (1∶1,V/V) with 2% (w) LiNO₃	280 h	[12]
mPPy-GO	5	1	1 mol/L LiTFSI in DOL/DME (1∶1,V/V) with 1% (w) LiNO₃	400 h	[50]
PEO/N-rGO/PVDF-HFP//COF-1	1	1	1 mol/L LiTFSI in DOL/DME (1∶1,V/V) with 1% (w) LiNO₃	2200 h	[13]
2D COF-LZU1	1	1	1 mol/L LiTFSI in DOL/DME (1∶1,V/V) with 2% (w) LiNO₃	1000 h	[14]
3D PPS	4	2	1 mol/L LiTFSI in DOL/DME (1∶1,V/V) with 1% (w) LiNO₃	300 h	[15]
PMF	10	1	1 mol/L LiTFSI in DOL/DME (1∶1,V/V)	50 h	[16]
3D MXene-MF	10	10	1 mol/L LiTFSI in DOL/DME (1∶1,V/V) with 1% (w) LiNO₃	3800 h	[17]

Table 1. The electrochemical performance of porous polymer in lithium metal anodes protection

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多孔聚合物在锂金属负极保护中的研究进展

Recent Progress of Porous Polymers for Lithium Metal Anodes Protection

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