用于制备全息光波导的光致聚合物的研究进展

doi:10.6023/A22110461

化学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 81 ›› Issue (4): 393-405.DOI: 10.6023/A22110461 上一篇下一篇

综述

用于制备全息光波导的光致聚合物的研究进展

郭斌^a^,^c, 王铭轩^b^,^d, 张荻琴^a, 孙敏远^b, 毕勇^b, 赵榆霞^a^,^*()

a 中国科学院理化技术研究所光化学转换与功能材料重点实验室北京 100190
b 中国科学院理化技术研究所应用激光研究中心北京 100190
c 中国科学院大学化学科学学院北京 100049
d 中国科学院大学未来技术学院北京 100049

投稿日期:2022-11-14 发布日期:2023-03-09

作者简介:

郭斌, 中国科学院理化技术研究所有机化学专业在读博士生, 主要从事光聚合材料的研究.

赵榆霞, 中国科学院理化技术研究所研究员, 博士生导师. 2001年在中科院理化技术研究所获博士学位, 入选北京市科技新星和江苏省双创人才, 获得军队科技进步二等奖. 主要研究方向为光聚合材料与光聚合技术、光疗药物和水溶性功能聚合物.

基金资助:
国防科技创新特区项目(19-163-21-TS-001-073-01)

Research Progress of Photopolymers for the Preparation of Holographic Optical Waveguide

Bin Guo^a^,^c, Mingxuan Wang^b^,^d, Diqin Zhang^a, Minyuan Sun^b, Yong Bi^b, Yuxia Zhao^a^,^*()

a Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
b Research Center for Applied Laser, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
c School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
d School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2022-11-14 Published:2023-03-09
Contact: * E-mail: yuxia.zhao@mail.ipc.ac.cn; Tel.: 010-82543569; 010-62554670
Supported by:
National Defence Science and Technology Innovation Special Zone Project(19-163-21-TS-001-073-01)

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摘要/Abstract

全息光波导具有体积小、重量轻、成像清晰、设计灵活、可为使用者提供较大的眼动范围等诸多优势, 是头戴式增强现实显示器(HMD-AR)中最实用的波导耦合技术. 为提升HMD-AR系统的成像能力, 扩大其视场范围, 作为耦入和耦出元件的体全息光栅(VHG)须具有高的折射率调制度(Δn). 光致聚合物是制造高性能透明VHG材料中最有潜力的一种记录介质. 本综述介绍了HMD-AR中全息光波导的工作原理和光致聚合物VHG的制备原理, 梳理了近期该领域中光致聚合物的研究进展, 归纳总结了光致聚合物配方中的光引发体系、成膜树脂、记录单体和纳米粒子等添加剂以及记录介质的后处理方式对其全息光学性能的影响, 以期为设计新组分、研发Δn更高的记录介质、制备性能更优的HMD-AR提供指导.

关键词: 光致聚合物, 头戴式增强现实显示器, 光波导, 体全息光栅, 折射率调制度

Holographic optical waveguide is the most practical waveguide coupling technology for head-mounted augmented reality displays (HMD-AR) due to its advantages of small size, lightweight, clear imaging, flexible design, and a large eye-movement range for users. To enhance the imaging capability of the HMD-AR system and expand its field of view, the volume holographic gratings (VHG) used as the coupling-in and coupling-out elements must have a high refractive index modulation (Δn). Photopolymer is one of the most promising recording media for manufacturing high-performance transparent VHG. The working principle of holographic optical waveguide in HMD-AR and the preparation principle of photopolymer VHG are introduced, the recent research progress of photopolymers in this field is reviewed, the influence of different components in photopolymer formulations and the post-treatment methods of the recording media on their holographic optical properties are summarized, mainly including: (1) the composition of the photoinitiator systems; (2) the crosslink density, molecular weight and refractive index of the film-forming resins; (3) the refractive index, addition and size of the writing monomers; (4) the additive of nanoparticles, chain transfer agents, free radical scavengers and plasticisers; (5) post-treatment methods such as heating and/or light. It is expected to provide guidance for designing new components, developing recording media with higher Δn, and fabricating HMD-AR with better performance.

Key words: photopolymer, head-mounted augmented reality display, holographic optical waveguide, volume holographic grating, refractive index modulation

引用此文

郭斌, 王铭轩, 张荻琴, 孙敏远, 毕勇, 赵榆霞. 用于制备全息光波导的光致聚合物的研究进展[J]. 化学学报, 2023, 81(4): 393-405.

Bin Guo, Mingxuan Wang, Diqin Zhang, Minyuan Sun, Yong Bi, Yuxia Zhao. Research Progress of Photopolymers for the Preparation of Holographic Optical Waveguide[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2023, 81(4): 393-405.

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图/表 16

图1. HMD-AR中全息光波导的光路示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the optical circuit of holographic optical waveguides in the HMD-AR

图2. 制备反射式VHG (a)和透射式VHG (c)的实验装置(S: 电子快门, BE: 扩束器, HWP: 半波片, PBS: 分束器, VA: 可变孔径, M: 反射镜, D: 功率计); 反射式VHG (b)和透射式VHG (d)对外界环境光线的透光性能

Figure 2. Experimental devices to prepare reflective VHG (a) and transmissive VHG (c) (S: electronic shutter, BE: beam expander, HWP: half-wave plate, PBS: beam splitter, VA: variable aperture, M: reflector, D: power meter); transmission performance of reflective VHG (b) and transmissive VHG (d) to ambient light

图3. 光致聚合物VHG的形成示意图. (a)曝光前; (b)干涉曝光; (c)单体聚合/组分迁移; (d)光栅形成

Figure 3. Schematic diagram for the formation of photopolymeric VHG. (a) before exposure; (b) interference exposure; (c) monomer polymerization/components migration; (d) gratings formation

图4. TPO和Irgacure 784的结构式

Figure 4. Structural formula of TPO and Irgacure 784

图5. 可见光照射下KCD/NPG光引发体系同时产生光引发和光抑制功能自由基[28-29]

Figure 5. Simultaneous photoinitiated and photoinhibited radical production by the KCD/NPG photoinitiator system under visible light irradiation[28-29]

图6. 杜邦公司专利中的双(对二烷基-氨苯基)-α,β-不饱和酮类/环酮类光敏染料和六芳基双咪唑类引发剂的化学通式[35]

Figure 6. General chemical formulae for bis(p-dialkyl-aminophenyl)-α,β-unsaturated ketone/cyclic ketone photosensitive dyes and hexaaryl bisimidazole initiators in DuPont's patent[35]

图7. HABI和可敏化HABI的光敏染料的结构式[36????-41]

Figure 7. Structural formulae of HABI and photosensitisable HABI dyes[36????-41]

图8. 科思创公司专利中公开的染料和光引发剂. (a)中性染料的化学通式; (b)烷基芳基硼酸胺的化学通式和优选例的结构式[42]

Figure 8. Dyes and photoinitiators disclosed in the Kostron patent. Chemical formulae for neutral dyes (a), alkylarylboronic acid amines and preferred examples (b)[42]

图9. Tomita等[43]和R?lle等[44]开发的光敏体系中各组分的结构式

Figure 9. Structural formulae of the components in the photosensitive systems developed by Tomita et al.[43] and R?lle et al.[44]

Figure 11. The effect of different molecular weight polyurethanes on the holographic performance of the recording medium. Δn and haze of holographic gratings recorded with different molecular weight polyurethane film-forming resins at a grating pitch of 1 μm (a) and 0.4 μm (b)[66]. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [66], Copyright 2022, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

图12. FTGEs的结构式[53]

Figure 12. Structural formulae of FTGEs[53]

图13. 可用于光致聚合物体系的高折射率单体的结构式[67???-71]

Figure 13. Structural formulae of high refractive index monomers that can be used in photopolymer systems[67???-71]

图14. Bowman等[13,15,63,72-73]开发的液态高折射率单体的结构式

Figure 14. Structural formula of the liquid high refractive index monomer developed by Bowman et al.[13,15,63,72-73]

图15. HBP纳米粒子的结构式[14,43,87]

Figure 15. Structural formula of HBP nanoparticle[14,43,87]

Figure 16. (a) Diffraction efficiency of recorded reflection gratings for each of the photopolymer formulations[91]. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [91], Copyright 2016, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. (b) Diffusion coefficient of NVP at the initial stage of exposure for recording medium containing different concentrations of glycerol[96]. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [96], Copyright 2021, Polymers

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用于制备全息光波导的光致聚合物的研究进展

Research Progress of Photopolymers for the Preparation of Holographic Optical Waveguide

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