咪唑基阳离子聚合物对工业废水中钯的高效吸附分离研究

doi:10.6023/A26020047

摘要/Abstract

钯(Pd)作为一种稀有贵金属, 因其独特的物化性质和重要的工业应用而备受关注. 从工业废水中回收钯对于缓解贵金属资源短缺、降低废弃物污染具有关键意义. 基于此, 本研究通过N-烷基化反应制备了两种咪唑阳离子聚合物网络CPNs(CPN-1和CPN-2), 实现了对钯的高效吸附分离. CPN-1与CPN-2对Pd(II)的最大吸附量分别达到243 mg/g和234 mg/g, 且在3分钟内实现吸附平衡. 在多种竞争离子共存下, CPNs对Pd(II)仍表现出优异的选择性, 去除率在83%以上. 同时, CPNs具有良好的可重复使用性, 5次循环后吸附率无显著下降. 吸附机理表明, CPNs对钯的吸附主要是通过Cl^-与PdCl₄^2-之间的阴离子交换作用. 此外, CPN-1在模拟钯废水的动态吸附实验中展现出出色的去除率(>90%), 证明了该类材料在钯回收领域的潜在应用价值.

关键词: 阳离子聚合物, 钯回收, 固液吸附, 离子交换, 废水治理

Palladium (Pd), as a rare precious metal, is highly valued due to its unique physical and chemical properties and ubiquitous applications in important industries. However, the use of palladium has several limitations, such as high cost, high toxicity, and the extremely limited availability of natural resources, which cannot meet the increasing industrial demands. Therefore, the recovery of palladium from industrial wastewater plays a crucial role in alleviating the risk of precious metal resource depletion and reducing environmental pollution. In this study, two imidazolium-based cationic polymeric networks (CPNs, CPN-1 and CPN-2) with high charge density were prepared through N-alkylation reaction by introducing imidazole nitrogen heterocyclic action sites, and are used for the recovery of Pd(II) from industrial wastewater. The materials were systematically characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis (EA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Systematic adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption performance of Pd(II). CPN-1 and CPN-2 exhibit fast adsorption kinetics (within 3 min for equilibrium) and high adsorption capacities (243 mg/g and 234 mg/g, respectively). The adsorption behavior is consistent with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that monolayer chemisorption is the predominant adsorption mechanism. In the presence of various cations and anions, CPNs still show excellent removal for Pd(II) with efficiencies over 85% (CPN-1) and 83% (CPN-2). In addition, CPN-1 and CPN-2 have good reusability, with no significant decrease in Pd(II) recovery performance after five cycles. In particular, CPN-1 also shows excellent removal efficiency (>90%) in the dynamic adsorption experiments with simulated palladium wastewater, demonstrating the application potential of CPNs materials in palladium recovery. Finally, energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the removal of Pd(II) by CPNs was mainly achieved by anion exchange. This work demonstrates great application potential of CPNs for Pd(II) recovery from industrial wastes.

Key words: cationic polymer, palladium recovery, solid-liquid adsorption, ion exchange, wastewater remediation

引用此文

林雯霞, 周一丹, 林凡, 蔡益民, 冯文. 咪唑基阳离子聚合物对工业废水中钯的高效吸附分离研究[J]. 化学学报, doi: 10.6023/A26020047.

Lin Wenxia, Zhou Yidan, Lin Fan, Cai Yimin, Feng Wen. Efficient adsorption and separation of palladium from industrial wastewater by imidazolium cationic polymers[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, doi: 10.6023/A26020047.

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