化学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 84 ›› Issue (8): 1365-1375.DOI: 10.6023/A26060189 上一篇    下一篇

综述

表面活性剂的动态组装与功能

张紫祺a,b, 范雅珣a,b,*(), 王毅琳a,b,*()   

  1. a 中国科学技术大学化学与材料科学学院 仿生界面材料科学全国重点实验室 合肥 230026
    2 中国科学技术大学苏州高等研究院纳米科学技术学院 仿生界面材料科学全国重点实验室 苏州 215123
  • 投稿日期:2026-06-09 发布日期:2026-08-12
  • 作者简介:

    张紫祺, 2021年毕业于兰州大学化学与化工学院, 随后加入中国科学院化学研究所王毅琳研究员课题组, 于2026年获得物理化学博士学位, 主要从事调控表面活性剂聚集体对农药吸收传导的影响和微生物农药包封性能的研究.

    王毅琳, 1988和1991年分别在兰州大学获学士和硕士学位; 1991~1994年在兰州大学任讲师; 1997年在中国科学院化学研究所获博士学位; 1997~2001年, 先后在美国佛罗里达大学和印第安那-普渡大学进行博士后工作; 2002~2024年, 任中国科学院化学研究所研究员; 2014~2024年, 兼任中国科学院大学岗位教授; 2025年1月起, 作为讲席教授就职于中国科学技术大学, 在中国科学技术大学苏州高等研究院工作. 曾入选中国科学院“百人计划”, 获国家杰出青年科学基金, 并获中国化学会胶体与界面杰出贡献奖等荣誉, 目前作为项目负责人承担国家重点研发计划项目, 担任Langmuir的执行主编、Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci.表面活性剂部分的主编、以及《化学学报》、Soft MatterColloid Surf., AACS Omega等期刊的编委. 长期从事以溶液中表面活性剂为核心的基础和应用研究, 发展了表面活性剂在提高农药利用率、个人护理、杀菌及工业清洗等方面的功能.

    “纪念兰州大学化学学科创建80周年”专辑

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2021YFA0716700); 苏州市科技计划项目(ZXP2025309); 苏州市科技计划项目(ZXP2025067); 苏州仿生界面科学重点实验室(SZ2024004)

Dynamic Assembly and Functions of Surfactants

Ziqi Zhanga,b, Yaxun Fana,b,*(), Yilin Wanga,b,*()   

  1. a State Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
    2 State Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Materials Science, and School of Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
  • Received:2026-06-09 Published:2026-08-12
  • Contact: E-mail: fanyaxun@ustc.edu.cn; yilinwang@iccas.ac.cn
  • About author:

    For the VSI “Celebration of 80th Anniversary of Chemistry in Lanzhou University”

  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA0716700); Science and Technology Project of Suzhou(ZXP2025309); Science and Technology Project of Suzhou(ZXP2025067); Suzhou Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Materials Science(SZ2024004)

表面活性剂因其独特的两亲性以及优异的界面活性, 被广泛应用于日化、清洗、食品、医药、农业及石油开采等领域. 然而, 传统表面活性剂在实际使用过程中往往存在利用率低、环境污染严重以及功能单一等问题, 亟需发展兼具高效性、环境友好性与多功能化的新型表面活性剂体系. 近年来的研究表明, 表面活性剂在界面与体相中的动态组装行为对其实际应用性能具有决定性影响. 通过调控表面活性剂分子结构、聚集体形貌及其动态转化过程, 可以实现界面行为和功能特性的精准调控. 基于作者在表面活性剂动态组装及功能化应用的最新研究进展, 系统概述了表面活性剂在低泡高效清洗、长效抗菌、液滴撞击过热表面的强化沸腾换热、抑制液滴撞击液池产生沃辛顿射流以及促进农药液滴在超疏水作物表面高效沉积铺展等方面的研究进展, 重点讨论了囊泡、蠕虫状胶束和液液凝聚相等多级聚集体在界面迁移、结构转化及功能实现中的关键作用, 并进一步展望了动态组装表面活性剂在绿色清洗、高效传热、精准农业和智能响应材料等领域的应用前景, 以期为新型功能表面活性剂体系的设计与实际应用提供借鉴.

关键词: 表面活性剂, 动态组装, 低泡清洗, 高效抗菌, 液滴撞击

Surfactants, owing to their unique amphiphilic nature and excellent interfacial activity, have been widely applied in household chemicals, cleaning, food processing, medicine, agriculture, and petroleum recovery. However, conventional surfactants often suffer from low utilization efficiency, environmental contamination, and limited functionality during practical applications, creating an urgent demand for the development of highly efficient, environmentally friendly, and multifunctional surfactant systems. Recent studies have demonstrated that the dynamic assembly behavior of surfactants at interfaces and in bulk solution plays a decisive role in their practical performance. By regulating surfactant molecular structures, aggregate morphologies, and dynamic transformation processes, the interfacial behaviors and functional properties of surfactant systems can be precisely controlled. Recent advances in the dynamic assembly and functional applications of surfactants, including low-foaming and highly efficient cleaning, long-lasting antibacterial activity, enhanced boiling heat transfer of droplets impacting overheated surfaces, suppression of Worthington jets generated by droplet impact on liquid pools and promotion of efficient deposition and spreading of pesticide droplets on superhydrophobic crop surfaces, are systematically summarized. Particular emphasis is placed on the critical roles of hierarchical assemblies, such as vesicles, wormlike micelles, and coacervates, in interfacial migration, structural transformation, and functional realization. Finally, the future prospects of dynamically assembled surfactant systems in green cleaning, efficient heat transfer, precision agriculture, and smart responsive materials are discussed, aiming to provide guidance for the design and practical applications of next-generation functional surfactant systems.

Key words: surfactant, dynamic assembly, low-foam cleaning, efficient sterilization, droplet impact