关键词: 离子选择电极, 结构与性能关系, 高氯酸盐, 季铵

For the preparation of perchlorate ion selective electrode (ISE), seven quarternary ammonium salts with different carbon chain lengths were used as the active phase component of ISE. The Nernst response ranges and the detection limits of those electrodes were measured and the effect of interfering anions was discussed in detail. It was noticed that the functions of ISE were closely related to the chemical structure of quarternary ammonium salts, the linear response of the electrode potential increased with the increase of the carbon chain length of the alkyl group in the quarternary ammonium salts, but with decrease in the detection limit. The interference of foreign anions could be reduced to some extent, when the electro-active components with longer carbon chains were used. However the aliphatic quarternary ammonium salts with very long carbon chains are not recommended to be the suitable active materials of ISE due to the difficulties in their purification and the low solubility of them in PVC matrix. The order of exchange reactivity of anions in terms of selective coefficients measured by mixed solution methods is as follows: picrate anion > ClO4*- > BF4*- > SCN*- > I*- > ClO3*- > NO3*- > N3*- > CN*- -Br*- > H2PO4*- > F*- > CL*-. The results mentioned above will be useful in some applications, such as in the preparation of ISE and in the study on phase transfer catalysis.

Key words: ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTY CORRELATION, PERCHLORATE, QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS