关键词: 引发剂, 影响因素, 反应机理, 反应动力学, 质子磁共振谱法, 丁二酸 P, 成核, 乳液聚合, 乳化剂, 盐效应

The inverse emulsion polymerization of Diallyldimethylammonium chloride using an isoparaffin mixture as continuous phase, Sodium-di-2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinate and Sorbitanmonooleate as emulsifier and 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitril) as initiator was studied. A kinetic expression was given as R~P~,~0=kc^0^.^4~Ⅰ~,~0c^0^.^5~A~O~Tc^-^0^.^4~S~M~Oc^3^.^0~M~,~0. The influence of the distribution coefficient of monomer between monomer droplets and micelles on the inverse emulsion polymerization was investigated and was used to explain the high exponent with respect to monomer concentration in the kinetic expression. The much smaller average diameter of latex than that of monomer droplets, the low solubility of monomer in the oil phase and the relationships of the polymerization rate with the emulsifier concentration and the stir rate show that the inverse emulsion polymerization has a micelle nucleation mechanism. The proton-NMR of monomer in different concentration and the investigation of the salt effect proved that no π-complex of monomer was formed in the monomer solution and that by the solution polymerization the kinetic second order with respect to monomer concentration could be explained by the electrostatic screen effect of the gegenions in the monomer together with the viscosity change of reaction solution with increasing monomer concentration.

Key words: INITIATOR, INFLUENCING FACTORS, REACTION MECHANISM, REACTION KINETICS, PROTON MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROMETRY, BUTANEDIOIC ACID P, NUCLEATION, EMULSION POLYMERIZATION, EMULSIFYING AGENTS, SALT EFFECT