单分散脲醛/SiO2复合微球的制备及其形成机理研究

化学学报 ›› 2004, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (5): 493-497. 上一篇下一篇

研究论文

单分散脲醛/SiO₂复合微球的制备及其形成机理研究

郭瑞, 余家国, 赵丽, 赵修建

武汉理工大学材料复合新技术国家重点实验室, 武汉, 430070

投稿日期:2003-08-14 修回日期:2003-11-14 发布日期:2014-02-18
通讯作者: 余家国,E-mail:yujiaguo@public.wh.hb.cn E-mail:yujiaguo@public.wh.hb.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(No.50272049),教育部优秀青年教师资助计划和教育部出国留学回国人员科研基金资助项目.

An Investigation on the Formation Mechanisms and Preparation of Monodispersed Urea-formaldehyde (UF) Polymer/SiO₂ Composite Microspheres

GUO Rui, YU Jia-Guo, ZHAO Li, ZHAO Xiu-Jian

State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070

Received:2003-08-14 Revised:2003-11-14 Published:2014-02-18

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摘要/Abstract

在二氧化硅溶胶中,通过尿素和甲醛在酸性条件下的缩聚反应,用聚合诱导胶体团聚法(PICA)制备出单分散脲醛/SiO₂复合微球.分别用扫描电镜(SEM)和光学显微镜研究了反应条件[如:甲醛/尿素摩尔比(R)、pH值、溶剂的组成等因素]对复合微球的大小和形状的影响.结果发现:当pH＝0.3～0.8, R＝1～4,水溶液中乙醇体积含量(V_e)为10%～30%时,可重复获得平均粒径约为4 μm的单分散复合微球.对复合微球形成机理的研究表明,尿素和甲醛在SiO₂酸性溶胶中发生聚合反应,随着反应的进行,SiO₂胶体颗粒逐渐吸附在齐聚物分子链上,当聚合物链达到沉淀临界链长时,由于相分离作用,从前驱物溶液中析出,形成脲醛/SiO₂复合微球.

关键词: 聚合诱导胶体团聚法, 尿素, 甲醛, 二氧化硅溶胶, 复合微球, 相分离

The urea-formaldehyde (UF) polymer/SiO₂ composite microspheres were prepared by polymerization- induced colloid aggregation (PICA) method. In this method, an aqueous silica colloid solution containing sol particles with mean diameter of 12 nm is mixed with urea and formaldehyde, then urea and formaldehyde polymerize in an acidic sol solution inducing the colloids to aggregate. The effects of formaldehyde/urea molar ratio (R), pH value and volume fraction of ethanol (V_e) on the resulting microspheres have been investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscope. The results show that monodispersed UF/SiO₂ composite microspheres with a mean diameter of about 4 μm can be repeatedly obtained under the optimum conditions, which include the pH value of 0.3～0.8, the R range from 1 to 4 and the V_e of 10%～30%. The formation mechanism of composite microspheres is attributed to the fact that the urea and formaldehyde firstly undergo acid-catalyzed polymerization to form oligomers, and then the sol particles are adsorbed on the chain of oligomers by van der Waals force and hydrogen bonding. When the oligomers reach the critical chain length, they separate from solution due to phase separation. Polymer-based UF/SiO₂ composite microspheres are obtained in the solution.

Key words: PICA, urea, formaldehyde, SiO₂ sol, composite microsphere, phase separation

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郭瑞, 余家国, 赵丽, 赵修建. 单分散脲醛/SiO₂复合微球的制备及其形成机理研究[J]. 化学学报, 2004, 62(5): 493-497.

GUO Rui, YU Jia-Guo, ZHAO Li, ZHAO Xiu-Jian. An Investigation on the Formation Mechanisms and Preparation of Monodispersed Urea-formaldehyde (UF) Polymer/SiO₂ Composite Microspheres[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2004, 62(5): 493-497.

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单分散脲醛/SiO₂复合微球的制备及其形成机理研究

An Investigation on the Formation Mechanisms and Preparation of Monodispersed Urea-formaldehyde (UF) Polymer/SiO₂ Composite Microspheres

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